{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013699657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","title":"The use of apologies by EFL learners","display_name":"The use of apologies by EFL learners","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013699657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","mag":"2013699657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764590641","display_name":"English Language Teaching","issn_l":"1916-4742","issn":["1916-4742","1916-4750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071244814","display_name":"\u0130lknur \u0130stif\u00e7i","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-5747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-5747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133743585","display_name":"Anadolu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nz37n09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilknur Istifci","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages , Anadolu University Yunusemre kampus\u00fc 26470 Eskisehir , TURKEY","Anadolu Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages , Anadolu University Yunusemre kampus\u00fc 26470 Eskisehir , TURKEY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anadolu Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071244814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6255,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92939343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13538","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Analysis","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13538","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Analysis","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apology","display_name":"apology","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-acts","display_name":"speech acts","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-learners","display_name":"EFL learners","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-proficiency-levels","display_name":"English proficiency levels","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-speaker-norms","display_name":"native speaker norms","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlanguage","display_name":"interlanguage","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-transfer","display_name":"language transfer","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8958873748779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.760920524597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984865316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25481968","display_name":"Speech act","level":2,"score":0.6097007393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5510419607162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5483130812644958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47113627195358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986378755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a foreign language","level":2,"score":0.4562898278236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4313439428806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.22470057010650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764590641","display_name":"English Language Teaching","issn_l":"1916-4742","issn":["1916-4742","1916-4750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.961.4195","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.961.4195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ibn:eltjnl:v:2:y:2009:i:3:p:15","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3142513150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v2n3p15","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/download/2572/3299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764590641","display_name":"English Language Teaching","issn_l":"1916-4742","issn":["1916-4742","1916-4750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"English Language Teaching","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013699657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013699657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1129000281","https://openalex.org/W1481944755","https://openalex.org/W1602801187","https://openalex.org/W1964164866","https://openalex.org/W1970977669","https://openalex.org/W1974237356","https://openalex.org/W1989797008","https://openalex.org/W2009497647","https://openalex.org/W2011478943","https://openalex.org/W2022840847","https://openalex.org/W2048782920","https://openalex.org/W2063434887","https://openalex.org/W2088272185","https://openalex.org/W2097219834","https://openalex.org/W2157827826","https://openalex.org/W2159035740","https://openalex.org/W2165848137","https://openalex.org/W2741293059","https://openalex.org/W2891822019","https://openalex.org/W3193759403","https://openalex.org/W3194766079","https://openalex.org/W4212924688","https://openalex.org/W4248009584","https://openalex.org/W4388119657","https://openalex.org/W6775640119","https://openalex.org/W6817278375","https://openalex.org/W6836774004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900237632","https://openalex.org/W3043268792","https://openalex.org/W2104907446","https://openalex.org/W4403999355","https://openalex.org/W2973901446","https://openalex.org/W2023587312","https://openalex.org/W2770244897","https://openalex.org/W2296674989","https://openalex.org/W2268534146","https://openalex.org/W2751221793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,95],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,18,55,78,97,121],"this":[3],"study":[4,99],"is":[5],"to":[6,21,86,114],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,59,76,79,98,106],"act":[9,93],"apologizing":[11],"with":[12],"subjects":[13,42,47,126],"from":[14],"two":[15,107],"different":[16],"levels":[17],"English":[19,56],"proficiency":[20],"find":[22],"out":[23],"whether":[24,34],"there":[25],"are":[26,63,83],"similarities":[27,102],"and":[28,33,51,88,103],"differences":[29,104],"between":[30,105],"these":[31],"groups":[32],"they":[35],"approach":[36],"native":[37,53,128],"speaker":[38,130],"apology":[39,73,91],"norms.":[40],"20":[41,46],"in":[43,48,58],"intermediate":[44,124],"level,":[45],"advanced":[49],"level":[50,125],"10":[52],"speakers":[54],"participate":[57],"study.":[60],"data":[62],"gathered":[64],"by":[65],"a":[66],"Discourse":[67],"Completion":[68],"Test":[69],"that":[70],"had":[71],"8":[72],"situations.":[74],"In":[75],"analysis":[77],"data,":[80],"all":[81],"responses":[82],"categorized":[84],"according":[85],"Cohen":[87],"Olshtain\u2019s":[89],"(1981)":[90],"speech":[92],"set.":[94],"results":[96],"reveal":[100],"some":[101],"groups.":[108],"Their":[109],"L1":[110],"can":[111],"be":[112],"said":[113],"have":[115],"an":[116],"influence":[117],"on":[118],"their":[119],"use":[120],"apologies,":[122],"especially":[123],"transfer":[127],"Turkish":[129],"norms":[131],"into":[132],"English.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
