{"id":"https://openalex.org/W201366988","doi":null,"title":"Basal glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. A critical review.","display_name":"Basal glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. A critical review.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W201366988","mag":"201366988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1936467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1936467","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1936467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabete & metabolisme","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088271162","display_name":"Ole Hother Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-2784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-2784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801498763","display_name":"Odense University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey0ed83","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O Hother-Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical department M, Odense Sygehus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical department M, Odense Sygehus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062023106","display_name":"Henning Beck\u2010Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7898"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Beck-Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68349646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1 Pt 2","first_page":"136","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.4636000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.4636000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.2809999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.12290000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-turnover","display_name":"glucose turnover","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemia","display_name":"hyperglycemia","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperinsulinemia","display_name":"hyperinsulinemia","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-utilization","display_name":"glucose utilization","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euglycaemic-clamp","display_name":"euglycaemic clamp","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.8335108757019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.821779727935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.7757883071899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.7038423418998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777866211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572349","display_name":"Glucose uptake","level":3,"score":0.5633094310760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5616677403450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17093226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734081","display_name":"Carbohydrate metabolism","level":2,"score":0.5293006896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778808658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2975183","display_name":"Glucose clamp technique","level":5,"score":0.5055017471313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4815135896205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.47763553261756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.47724294662475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3476560711860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309","display_name":"Pancreatic hormone","level":4,"score":0.21906882524490356}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014316","descriptor_name":"Tritium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1936467","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1936467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabete & metabolisme","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:201366988","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1936467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092745778","https://openalex.org/W2064993700","https://openalex.org/W1989610057","https://openalex.org/W2047072478","https://openalex.org/W2063169804","https://openalex.org/W2040175983","https://openalex.org/W2021181997","https://openalex.org/W4324275461","https://openalex.org/W2043188636","https://openalex.org/W2001490021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,7,26,40,56,121,130,162],"current":[2],"review":[3],"we":[4,90],"have":[5,46,69,91],"re-evaluated":[6],"concept":[8],"of":[9,25,58,79,96,112],"markedly":[10,47],"elevated":[11],"basal":[12,49,97,131],"glucose":[13,28,50,71,98,101,145],"production":[14,51,72,99],"rates":[15,52,95,147],"in":[16,30,53,103,115,133,164],"patients":[17,35,105,117],"with":[18,106],"Type":[19,32,107,134],"2":[20,33,108,135],"diabetes.":[21,109],"Owing":[22],"to":[23,55,73,77],"underpriming":[24],"enlarged":[27],"pool":[29],"hyperglycaemic":[31],"diabetic":[34],"most":[36],"previous":[37,61],"studies":[38,62],"using":[39,63,120],"primed-continuous":[41],"tracer":[42],"infusion":[43],"technique":[44],"may":[45,68,137,155],"overestimated":[48,70],"proportion":[54],"level":[57],"hyperglycaemia.":[59],"Also":[60],"an":[64],"adequate":[65],"priming":[66,85],"ratio":[67],"some":[74],"extent":[75],"due":[76],"assumptions":[78],"steady":[80],"state":[81,88,132],"conditions.":[82],"Using":[83],"adjusted":[84],"and":[86,100,153],"non-steady":[87],"calculations":[89],"found":[92],"near":[93,150],"normal":[94],"utilization":[102],"obese":[104],"The":[110],"presence":[111],"insulin":[113,165],"resistance":[114],"these":[116],"was":[118],"confirmed":[119],"euglycaemic":[122],"clamp":[123],"technique.":[124],"Thus,":[125],"it":[126],"is":[127],"suggested":[128],"that":[129],"diabetes":[136],"be":[138],"considered":[139],"as":[140,157],"a":[141],"compensated":[142],"condition":[143],"where":[144],"turnover":[146],"are":[148],"maintained":[149],"normal.":[151],"Hyperinsulinaemia":[152],"hyperglycaemia":[154],"serve":[156],"compensating":[158,160],"factors,":[159],"for":[161],"defects":[163],"action.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}