{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013607728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","title":"Crack detection and vertical deflection monitoring in concrete beams using plastic optical fibre sensors","display_name":"Crack detection and vertical deflection monitoring in concrete beams using plastic optical fibre sensors","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013607728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","mag":"2013607728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018511881","display_name":"Kevin S. C. Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-191X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-191X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K S C Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101667352","display_name":"Akmaluddin Akmaluddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-5119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-5119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akmaluddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081586995","display_name":"W.J. Cantwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-5086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-5086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W J Cantwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113418431","display_name":"C. Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GH Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3024,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93875005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"205","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.03680000081658363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-detection","display_name":"crack detection","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-beams","display_name":"concrete beams","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending-load","display_name":"bending loading","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-based-sensing","display_name":"intensity-based sensing","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-propagation","display_name":"crack propagation","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hairline-cracks","display_name":"hairline cracks","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"structural health monitoring","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"reinforced concrete","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-point-bending","display_name":"four-point bending","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-point-bending","display_name":"three-point bending","score":0.9330000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7956267595291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.754593014717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.562724769115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5333934426307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4935363531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.4755772650241852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4421003758907318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3516862988471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3474471867084503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34498608112335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1375139057636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1338375210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/2/308/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320323","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322390","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013607728.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013607728.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982327657","https://openalex.org/W1985900828","https://openalex.org/W2006069974","https://openalex.org/W2010688856","https://openalex.org/W2025567111","https://openalex.org/W2055624213","https://openalex.org/W2068858525","https://openalex.org/W2077615689","https://openalex.org/W2104469728","https://openalex.org/W2109059586","https://openalex.org/W2141748564","https://openalex.org/W2143612523","https://openalex.org/W2144927374","https://openalex.org/W4243106594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589412378","https://openalex.org/W7039227015","https://openalex.org/W859965709","https://openalex.org/W195590309","https://openalex.org/W2751565153","https://openalex.org/W1963882976","https://openalex.org/W4312972093","https://openalex.org/W2330569078","https://openalex.org/W1993752268","https://openalex.org/W86863380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plastic":[0],"optical":[1,40,95,165],"fibres":[2,96,166],"have":[3],"been":[4],"employed":[5],"to":[6,22,56,65,99,105,109,145,149,154,167,183,188,193],"detect":[7,15,114,168],"initial":[8],"cracks,":[9],"monitor":[10,110,155,184],"post-crack":[11],"vertical":[12],"deflection":[13,112],"and":[14,54,60,82,113,131,142,171,179,206],"failure":[16,173],"cracks":[17,135,170],"in":[18,73,175,214],"concrete":[19,101,123,216],"beams":[20,124],"subjected":[21],"flexural":[23],"loading":[24,138,210],"conditions.":[25],"The":[26,47,129,158],"intensity-based":[27],"sensor":[28,44,48,147,204],"system":[29],"relies":[30],"on":[31,88,121],"monitoring":[32],"the":[33,39,43,57,94,137,146,151,161,195,203],"modulation":[34],"of":[35,80,91,134,163,197],"light":[36],"intensity":[37],"within":[38],"fibre":[41],"as":[42],"is":[45],"loaded.":[46],"design":[49],"offers":[50],"good":[51,200],"signal":[52,148],"stability":[53],"sensitivity":[55],"monitored":[58],"parameter":[59],"represents":[61],"a":[62,78,89,198],"cost-effective":[63],"alternative":[64],"other":[66],"more":[67],"sophisticated":[68],"health-monitoring":[69],"systems":[70],"currently":[71],"used":[72],"civil":[74,176],"engineering":[75,177],"structures.":[76,92],"Here,":[77],"series":[79],"three-":[81],"four-point":[83],"bend":[84],"tests":[85,117],"was":[86,211],"conducted":[87,120],"range":[90],"Initially,":[93],"were":[97,118,140],"attached":[98],"scale-model":[100],"samples":[102],"(without":[103],"reinforcement)":[104],"evaluate":[106],"their":[107,181],"ability":[108,153,182],"beam":[111],"cracks.":[115],"Similar":[116],"subsequently":[119],"life-size":[122],"containing":[125],"reinforcing":[126],"steel":[127],"bars.":[128],"location":[130],"subsequent":[132],"trajectory":[133],"during":[136,209],"regime":[139],"marked":[141],"then":[143],"compared":[144],"assess":[150],"sensor's":[152],"crack":[156,174,185,207],"development.":[157],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"possibility":[162],"using":[164],"hairline":[169],"ultimate":[172,189],"structures":[178],"highlight":[180],"propagation":[186],"up":[187],"failure.":[190],"In":[191],"addition":[192],"detecting":[194],"initiation":[196],"crack,":[199],"agreement":[201],"between":[202],"output":[205],"progression":[208],"also":[212],"obtained":[213],"these":[215],"beams.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
