{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013475311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","title":"Automatic generation control of a multi area hydrothermal system using reinforced learning neural network controller","display_name":"Automatic generation control of a multi area hydrothermal system using reinforced learning neural network controller","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013475311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","mag":"2013475311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168377509","display_name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","issn_l":"0142-0615","issn":["0142-0615","1879-3517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061366658","display_name":"Lalit Chandra Saikia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-647X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-647X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151903974","display_name":"National Institute Of Technology Silchar","ror":"https://ror.org/001ws2a36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lalit Chandra Saikia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India","Department of Electrical Engg., National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engg., National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034424428","display_name":"Sukumar Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-0835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-0835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukumar Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084472772","display_name":"Nidul Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-2154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-2154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151903974","display_name":"National Institute Of Technology Silchar","ror":"https://ror.org/001ws2a36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidul Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India","Department of Electrical Engg., National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engg., National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057307398","display_name":"Janardan Nanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-1240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-1240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Nanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061366658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95957444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"1101","last_page":"1108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"automatic generation control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnected-power-systems","display_name":"interconnected power systems","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-systems","display_name":"hydrothermal systems","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"reinforcement learning","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-foraging-optimization","display_name":"bacterial foraging optimization","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-controller","display_name":"integral controller","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reheat-turbine","display_name":"reheat turbine","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-load-disturbance","display_name":"step load disturbance","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"frequency response","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller-robustness","display_name":"controller robustness","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"sensitivity analysis","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.7887712121009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7379416227340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5535375475883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.5495667457580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5422289371490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5240897536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5137301683425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46676939725875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.452846884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.43161529302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4310314357280731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191373421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3931948","display_name":"Control area","level":3,"score":0.41078075766563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3684123754501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36210834980010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.17247909307479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16635587811470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15689826011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.01.029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168377509","display_name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","issn_l":"0142-0615","issn":["0142-0615","1879-3517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565020987","https://openalex.org/W1706563645","https://openalex.org/W1981834079","https://openalex.org/W1981952590","https://openalex.org/W1988156120","https://openalex.org/W2015304446","https://openalex.org/W2060978362","https://openalex.org/W2074901665","https://openalex.org/W2105436664","https://openalex.org/W2112921638","https://openalex.org/W2117360709","https://openalex.org/W2122122715","https://openalex.org/W2134095658","https://openalex.org/W2138647980","https://openalex.org/W2147269773","https://openalex.org/W2150778332","https://openalex.org/W2155651942","https://openalex.org/W2159127413","https://openalex.org/W2171715296","https://openalex.org/W2177299068","https://openalex.org/W3156118547","https://openalex.org/W6813566860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987596823","https://openalex.org/W2092338089","https://openalex.org/W2028836167","https://openalex.org/W1586647951","https://openalex.org/W2361289209","https://openalex.org/W2169118793","https://openalex.org/W1996045930","https://openalex.org/W1997066422","https://openalex.org/W2071784306","https://openalex.org/W2536091030"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
