{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013473590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","title":"Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands","display_name":"Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013473590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","mag":"2013473590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1139/x93-296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115310785","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","issn_l":"0045-5067","issn":["0045-5067","1208-6037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016773230","display_name":"Thomas E. Kolb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-4265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-4265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.E. Kolb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113773355","display_name":"Larry H. McCormick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.H. McCormick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State Univ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79326251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"2395","last_page":"2402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11594","display_name":"Tree-ring climate responses","score":0.4480000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11594","display_name":"Tree-ring climate responses","score":0.4480000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.288100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.19470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugar-maple","display_name":"sugar maple","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-area-increment","display_name":"basal area increment","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-dieback","display_name":"tree dieback","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defoliation","display_name":"defoliation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summer-drought","display_name":"summer drought","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pear-thrips","display_name":"pear thrips","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrips","display_name":"Thysanoptera","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypomagnesemia","display_name":"hypomagnesemia","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-deficiency","display_name":"calcium deficiency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-temperature","display_name":"winter temperature","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendrochronology","display_name":"dendrochronology","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780414537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42292","display_name":"Maple","level":2,"score":0.7573480606079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775874295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568694","display_name":"PEAR","level":2,"score":0.7129349112510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.6590180397033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91354502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830384","display_name":"Basal area","level":2,"score":0.5830167531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.45019036531448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3195788860321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2969787120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1765587031841278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1139/x93-296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115310785","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","issn_l":"0045-5067","issn":["0045-5067","1208-6037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967926952","https://openalex.org/W2975658376","https://openalex.org/W2098138087","https://openalex.org/W297118112","https://openalex.org/W143304475","https://openalex.org/W1987857796","https://openalex.org/W2009432451","https://openalex.org/W2075434492","https://openalex.org/W251112178","https://openalex.org/W2160849449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tree-ring":[0],"analysis":[1,121],"was":[2,66],"used":[3],"to":[4,36,49,134],"study":[5],"historical":[6],"patterns":[7],"of":[8,60,72,122,127],"basal":[9],"area":[10],"increment":[11],"(BAI)":[12],"by":[13,87,90],"healthy":[14,44,64,114],"(0\u20135%":[15],"dieback)":[16,22],"and":[17,39,45,48,74,80,98,113,129,156],"declined":[18,46,61,112],"(greater":[19],"than":[20],"30%":[21],"overstory":[23],"sugar":[24,139],"maples":[25],"(Acersaccharum":[26],"Marsh.)":[27],"in":[28,31,43,58,77,95,101,107,116,153],"four":[29],"stands":[30,124],"Pennsylvania.":[32],"The":[33],"objectives":[34],"were":[35,85],"establish":[37],"if":[38],"when":[40],"BAI":[41,59,108],"decreased":[42,55],"trees":[47,65,115],"identify":[50],"causal":[51],"factors":[52,132,147],"associated":[53,136],"with":[54,63,137],"BAI.":[56],"Reduction":[57],"compared":[62],"first":[67],"evident":[68],"following":[69],"a":[70,99],"series":[71],"defoliations":[73],"summer":[75],"droughts":[76],"the":[78,96,154],"mid-1960s":[79],"early":[81],"1970s.":[82],"These":[83],"stresses":[84],"followed":[86],"repeated":[88],"damage":[89],"pear":[91],"thrips":[92],"(Taeniothripsinconsequens":[93],"Uzel)":[94],"1980s":[97,155],"drought":[100],"1988,":[102],"during":[103],"which":[104],"large":[105],"reductions":[106],"occurred":[109],"for":[110],"both":[111],"all":[117],"stands.":[118],"Foliar":[119],"nutrient":[120],"two":[123],"suggested":[125],"deficiency":[126],"Mg":[128],"Ca.":[130],"Other":[131],"hypothesized":[133],"be":[135],"this":[138],"maple":[140],"decline":[141],"as":[142],"either":[143],"predisposing":[144],"or":[145],"inciting":[146],"include":[148],"unusually":[149],"warm":[150],"winter":[151],"temperatures":[152],"air":[157],"pollution.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}