{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013443822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","title":"Entry, Size Distribution, Scale, and Scope Economies in the Life Insurance Industry","display_name":"Entry, Size Distribution, Scale, and Scope Economies in the Life Insurance Industry","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013443822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","mag":"2013443822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/296184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64223753","display_name":"The Journal of Business","issn_l":"0021-9398","issn":["0021-9398","1537-5374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068817308","display_name":"S. Kellner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kellner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113990545","display_name":"G. Frank Mathewson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Frank Mathewson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9660277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.6035000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.6035000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.13570000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.09960000216960907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-insurance-industry","display_name":"life insurance industry","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scope","display_name":"economies of scope","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-entry","display_name":"firm entry","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-efficiency","display_name":"market efficiency","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.7845875024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7795168161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777313351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370301","display_name":"Economies of scope","level":3,"score":0.6829628944396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5654283165931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020299011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626608","display_name":"Life insurance","level":2,"score":0.5359991192817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5238202214241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5238164067268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984333267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43183","display_name":"Insurance industry","level":2,"score":0.49159058928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39599794149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3880648612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33204448223114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.14914801716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1221892237663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08467608690261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06382417678833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.03873506188392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/296184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/296184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64223753","display_name":"The Journal of Business","issn_l":"0021-9398","issn":["0021-9398","1537-5374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593238923","https://openalex.org/W1537555004","https://openalex.org/W1577134817","https://openalex.org/W1595605331","https://openalex.org/W1964583002","https://openalex.org/W2011546278","https://openalex.org/W2013615255","https://openalex.org/W2015718720","https://openalex.org/W2024337814","https://openalex.org/W2034803027","https://openalex.org/W2051710447","https://openalex.org/W2063847764","https://openalex.org/W2069443181","https://openalex.org/W2094514178","https://openalex.org/W2128534782","https://openalex.org/W2318136310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072630940","https://openalex.org/W1538272293","https://openalex.org/W7075615717","https://openalex.org/W1531223417","https://openalex.org/W2071446601","https://openalex.org/W1990831254","https://openalex.org/W2911262969","https://openalex.org/W2056528406","https://openalex.org/W2331936386","https://openalex.org/W2044306470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"empirical":[1,43],"studies":[2],"in":[3,8,20,51,80,109],"the":[4,9,26,35,48,52,67,76,83,107],"life":[5,29,38,77],"insurance":[6,39,78],"industry":[7],"United":[10,84],"States":[11,85],"and":[12,60,82,90],"Canada":[13,81],"find":[14],"evidence":[15,68],"of":[16,18,25,28,37,57,74,93,96,103],"economies":[17,56,102],"scale":[19,58,104],"at":[21,64],"least":[22],"some":[23],"aspects":[24],"production":[27],"insurance,":[30],"with":[31,47,66,112],"consequent":[32],"implications":[33],"for":[34,106],"efficiency":[36],"markets.":[40],"However,":[41],"these":[42],"results":[44],"are":[45,63],"inconsistent":[46],"institutional":[49],"facts":[50],"industry.":[53],"First,":[54],"overall":[55],"(Houston":[59],"Simon":[61],"1970)":[62],"odds":[65],"that":[69],"over":[70],"a":[71,88],"substantial":[72],"period":[73],"time,":[75],"market":[79],"has":[86],"supported":[87],"large":[89],"growing":[91],"number":[92],"independent":[94],"firms":[95,114],"vastly":[97],"different":[98],"sizes.1":[99],"Second,":[100],"if":[101],"account":[105],"differences":[108],"firm":[110],"size,":[111],"small":[113],"ex-":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}