{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013392773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","title":"Self-organized queuing and scale-free behavior in real escape panic","display_name":"Self-organized queuing and scale-free behavior in real escape panic","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013392773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","mag":"2013392773","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519853","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/218693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2031912100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC218693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088665275","display_name":"Caesar A. Saloma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-7711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-7711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caesar Saloma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101. csaloma@nip.upd.edu.ph"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101. csaloma@nip.upd.edu.ph","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022770649","display_name":"Gay Jane Perez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gay Jane Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065017237","display_name":"Giovanni Alarkon Tapang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-8889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-8889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Tapang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033860022","display_name":"May T. Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-7998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-7998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014278594","display_name":"Cynthia P. Palmes-Saloma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Palmes-Saloma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Physics and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99027595,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"21","first_page":"11947","last_page":"11952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-dynamics","display_name":"pedestrian dynamics","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-free-behavior","display_name":"scale-free behavior","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law-distribution","display_name":"power-law distribution","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-distribution","display_name":"exponential distribution","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exit-width","display_name":"exit width","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-rate-effects","display_name":"sampling rate effects","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-evacuation","display_name":"crowd evacuation","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780712732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208450","display_name":"Panic","level":3,"score":0.5830197334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49767711758613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.444368839263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.4278871417045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3823855519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28943586349487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14145830273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08533281087875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004924","descriptor_name":"Escape Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008813","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred ICR","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010200","descriptor_name":"Panic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2031912100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2031912100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:277462","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC218693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:218693","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/218693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:14519853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:277462","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC218693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628847457","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1999602631","https://openalex.org/W2033971181","https://openalex.org/W2044420695","https://openalex.org/W2049176600","https://openalex.org/W2052576760","https://openalex.org/W2085929202","https://openalex.org/W2091112540","https://openalex.org/W2097414563","https://openalex.org/W2169473035","https://openalex.org/W2478227765","https://openalex.org/W2991668532","https://openalex.org/W6600800279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399855845","https://openalex.org/W2281036110","https://openalex.org/W2091112540","https://openalex.org/W2100135011","https://openalex.org/W2778344509","https://openalex.org/W2763041482","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W2054919411","https://openalex.org/W1983394281","https://openalex.org/W2577113988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerical":[0],"investigations":[1],"of":[2,5,49,81,105,125,130,136],"escape":[3,35,62,100,138],"panic":[4,36,139],"confined":[6],"pedestrians":[7],"have":[8,31],"revealed":[9],"interesting":[10],"dynamical":[11],"features":[12,67],"such":[13],"as":[14],"pedestrian":[15,121,126],"arch":[16],"formation":[17],"around":[18],"an":[19,77],"exit,":[20],"disruptive":[21],"interference,":[22],"self-organized":[23],"queuing,":[24],"and":[25,87,123],"scale-free":[26],"behavior.":[27],"However,":[28],"these":[29,131],"predictions":[30],"remained":[32],"unverified":[33],"because":[34],"experiments":[37],"with":[38],"real":[39,137],"systems":[40,110],"are":[41,111],"difficult":[42],"to":[43,114],"perform.":[44],"For":[45],"mice":[46,74],"escaping":[47],"out":[48],"a":[50,57],"water":[51],"pool,":[52],"we":[53],"found":[54],"that":[55,84],"for":[56],"critical":[58],"sampling":[59],"rate":[60,101],"the":[61,65,98,103,106,134],"behavior":[63],"exhibits":[64],"predicted":[66,107],"even":[68],"at":[69],"short":[70],"observation":[71,104],"times.":[72],"The":[73,128],"escaped":[75],"via":[76],"exit":[78,93],"in":[79],"bursts":[80],"different":[82],"sizes":[83],"obey":[85],"exponential":[86],"(truncated)":[88],"power-law":[89],"distributions":[90],"depending":[91],"on":[92,133],"width.":[94],"Oversampling":[95],"or":[96],"undersampling":[97],"mouse":[99],"prevents":[102],"features.":[108],"Real":[109],"normally":[112],"subject":[113],"unavoidable":[115],"constraints":[116,132],"arising":[117],"from":[118],"occupancy":[119],"rate,":[120],"exhaustion,":[122],"nonrigidity":[124],"bodies.":[127],"effect":[129],"dynamics":[135],"is":[140],"also":[141],"studied.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
