{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013376676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","title":"Changes to the near-surface waters in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean from 1993\u20132009: A basin in transition","display_name":"Changes to the near-surface waters in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean from 1993\u20132009: A basin in transition","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013376676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","mag":"2013376676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2011jc007069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2011JC007069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2011JC007069","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025782835","display_name":"Jennifer M. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-8814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-8814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["CA","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","Now at Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Now at Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078514344","display_name":"Susan E. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-6520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-6520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. E. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110053435","display_name":"Fiona A. McLaughlin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319689352","display_name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02qa1x782","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. A. McLaughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058256045","display_name":"Rebecca A. Woodgate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-6783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-6783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Woodgate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051292058","display_name":"Eddy C. Carmack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-7772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-7772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319689352","display_name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02qa1x782","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. C. Carmack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93667572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"C10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.05090000107884407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12432","display_name":"Arctic and Russian Policy Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada-basin","display_name":"Canada Basin","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ocean","display_name":"Arctic Ocean","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-melt","display_name":"sea ice melting","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-albedo","display_name":"surface albedo","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity-change","display_name":"salinity change","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beaufort-gyre","display_name":"Beaufort Gyre","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-diffusion","display_name":"thermal diffusion","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-climate-change","display_name":"Arctic climate change","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.7497895359992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5029312","display_name":"Canada Basin","level":3,"score":0.6389617919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30380174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250263","display_name":"Ocean gyre","level":3,"score":0.5469919443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5337518453598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379788","display_name":"Advection","level":2,"score":0.5246220827102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.5230216383934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.47207143902778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23715911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698340","display_name":"Temperature salinity diagrams","level":3,"score":0.4683389663696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4393717050552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56905729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540292","display_name":"Halocline","level":3,"score":0.4239959716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37187767028808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35904914140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1644119918346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14168384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16305538","display_name":"Subtropics","level":2,"score":0.0686177909374237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2011jc007069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2011JC007069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/44731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.14288/1.0041975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053062","display_name":"Open Collections","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2011jc007069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007069","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2011JC007069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013376676.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013376676.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505092118","https://openalex.org/W1616123717","https://openalex.org/W1677923143","https://openalex.org/W1966391652","https://openalex.org/W1969238508","https://openalex.org/W1969260312","https://openalex.org/W1969831051","https://openalex.org/W1972038543","https://openalex.org/W1978487473","https://openalex.org/W1981424168","https://openalex.org/W1989324665","https://openalex.org/W1990898708","https://openalex.org/W1995266770","https://openalex.org/W1998920319","https://openalex.org/W2000183650","https://openalex.org/W2003591441","https://openalex.org/W2012565471","https://openalex.org/W2026278517","https://openalex.org/W2033752922","https://openalex.org/W2047502891","https://openalex.org/W2048004610","https://openalex.org/W2052178434","https://openalex.org/W2063539079","https://openalex.org/W2066472255","https://openalex.org/W2068784520","https://openalex.org/W2072858890","https://openalex.org/W2078731650","https://openalex.org/W2088669724","https://openalex.org/W2092355346","https://openalex.org/W2100711288","https://openalex.org/W2102534315","https://openalex.org/W2108057014","https://openalex.org/W2110256211","https://openalex.org/W2112779016","https://openalex.org/W2115023733","https://openalex.org/W2117944840","https://openalex.org/W2129559534","https://openalex.org/W2136620597","https://openalex.org/W2139690665","https://openalex.org/W2146372298","https://openalex.org/W2146629342","https://openalex.org/W2147345950","https://openalex.org/W2150866077","https://openalex.org/W2155484757","https://openalex.org/W2165463641","https://openalex.org/W2165832202","https://openalex.org/W3127718625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344088632","https://openalex.org/W7100831911","https://openalex.org/W3208757195","https://openalex.org/W1519564052","https://openalex.org/W4410376345","https://openalex.org/W2117944840","https://openalex.org/W277599356","https://openalex.org/W2067836105","https://openalex.org/W1965166346","https://openalex.org/W3167764780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"[1]":[0],"Increased":[1],"sea":[2],"ice":[3,220],"melt":[4,221],"and":[5,27,40,42,47,71,99,219],"decreased":[6],"surface":[7,215],"albedo":[8],"have":[9],"changed":[10],"the":[11,17,22,30,69,82,93,100,112,115,118,123,138,143,195,203,208,227,235],"near-surface":[12,23],"water":[13],"mass":[14],"structure":[15],"of":[16,29,81,102,114,140,165,181,229,237],"Canada":[18,144],"Basin.":[19],"From":[20],"1993\u20132009,":[21],"temperature":[24,151,240],"maximum":[25,152,241],"(NSTM)":[26],"remnant":[28],"previous":[31],"winter's":[32],"mixed":[33],"layer":[34],"(rWML)":[35],"warmed":[36],"by":[37,44,64,148],"about":[38,45,156],"1.5\u00b0C":[39],"0.5\u00b0C":[41],"freshened":[43,154,202],"4":[46],"2":[48],"practical":[49],"salinity":[50,106,129,139,205],"units,":[51],"respectively.":[52],"Results":[53],"from":[54,67,96,111,155,192,232,242],"a":[55,238],"1-D":[56],"model":[57,78,187],"suggest":[58,168],"rWML":[59,94,119,209],"warming":[60,218],"can":[61],"be":[62],"explained":[63],"heat":[65],"diffusion":[66,98,199],"both":[68,97],"NSTM":[70],"Pacific":[72],"Summer":[73],"Water":[74],"(PSW).":[75],"The":[76,104],"same":[77],"predicts":[79],"salinization":[80],"rWML,":[83],"whereas":[84],"freshening":[85,196],"was":[86,107,125],"observed.":[87],"This":[88],"suggests":[89,188],"that":[90,169,189,214],"changes":[91,171,177],"to":[92,160,194,224],"are":[95,222],"accumulation":[101],"freshwater.":[103],"rWML's":[105],"associated":[108],"with":[109],"distance":[110],"center":[113],"Beaufort":[116],"Gyre;":[117],"at":[120,133,225],"stations":[121,134],"inside":[122],"gyre":[124],"on":[126],"average":[127],"1.9":[128],"units":[130],"fresher":[131],"than":[132],"outside.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"PSW":[141,173,182,193,204],"in":[142,158,162,172,178],"Basin":[145],"-":[146,153],"defined":[147],"its":[149],"local":[150],"30\u201332":[157],"1993":[159],"28\u201332":[161],"2008.":[163],"Order":[164],"magnitude":[166],"calculations":[167],"neither":[170],"source":[174],"waters":[175],"nor":[176],"advection":[179],"pathways":[180],"explain":[183],"this":[184,198],"freshening.":[185],"Our":[186],"salt":[190],"diffused":[191],"rWML;":[197],"increased":[200],"(and":[201],"range)":[206],"as":[207,244],"freshened.":[210],"These":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213,234],"effects":[216],"through":[217],"felt":[223],"least":[226],"depth":[228],"PSW.":[230],"Observations":[231],"2009":[233],"appearance":[236],"third":[239],"an":[243],"yet":[245],"unknown":[246],"source.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
