{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013368308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","title":"Recovery of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci on Fingertips and Environmental Surfaces","display_name":"Recovery of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci on Fingertips and Environmental Surfaces","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013368308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","mag":"2013368308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8568202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/647011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129764719","display_name":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology","issn_l":"0899-823X","issn":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020381958","display_name":"Gary A. Noskin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary A. Noskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University Medical School","Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School,Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School,Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011913674","display_name":"Valentina Stosor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-5460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-5460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Stosor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University Medical School","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058012812","display_name":"Isabell Cooper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089162","display_name":"Northwestern Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009543z50","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089162","https://openalex.org/I4210147348"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabell Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Memorial Hospital","Clinical Microbiology Laboratory,Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago,Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Memorial Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089162"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory,Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago,Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089162"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110140832","display_name":"Lance R. Peterson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lance R. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University Medical School","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":323,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97868045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"577","last_page":"581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12744","display_name":"Medical Device Sterilization and Disinfection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vancomycin-resistant-enterococci","display_name":"vancomycin-resistant enterococci","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus-faecalis","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus-faecium","display_name":"Enterococcus faecium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-contamination","display_name":"hand contamination","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-surfaces","display_name":"environmental surfaces","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-survival-on-surfaces","display_name":"bacterial survival on surfaces","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing","display_name":"hand washing","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soap","display_name":"soap","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gloves","display_name":"gloves","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-transmission","display_name":"nosocomial transmission","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779895986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140014","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","level":4,"score":0.788442850112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910137292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2610066","display_name":"Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci","level":5,"score":0.7361761331558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777677444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140010","display_name":"Enterococcus faecium","level":3,"score":0.6960283517837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780585763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517258","display_name":"Enterococcus","level":3,"score":0.6434021592140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5699536204338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.49553000926971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.43207019567489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.32338303327560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778980435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424027","display_name":"Vancomycin","level":4,"score":0.25340786576271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2213127315044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.2112952172756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.20688140392303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004352","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Microbial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004783","descriptor_name":"Environmental Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004866","descriptor_name":"Equipment Contamination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005932","descriptor_name":"Gloves, Surgical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006235","descriptor_name":"Hand Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013048","descriptor_name":"Specimen Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013293","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013293","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014640","descriptor_name":"Vancomycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016983","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016983","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016984","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus faecium","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016984","descriptor_name":"Enterococcus faecium","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/647011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/647011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129764719","display_name":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology","issn_l":"0899-823X","issn":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/30141097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/30141097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/30141097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129764719","display_name":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology","issn_l":"0899-823X","issn":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8568202","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8568202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection control and hospital epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550910870","https://openalex.org/W1550917397","https://openalex.org/W1977815743","https://openalex.org/W2018027415","https://openalex.org/W2026323570","https://openalex.org/W2043923801","https://openalex.org/W2050372244","https://openalex.org/W2057227993","https://openalex.org/W2065425649","https://openalex.org/W2065558629","https://openalex.org/W2065837503","https://openalex.org/W2067789217","https://openalex.org/W2070543037","https://openalex.org/W2102876406","https://openalex.org/W2115953873","https://openalex.org/W2134180672","https://openalex.org/W2136167568","https://openalex.org/W2214672775","https://openalex.org/W4240978184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047355318","https://openalex.org/W2068870763","https://openalex.org/W2050012426","https://openalex.org/W2155672131","https://openalex.org/W2050372244","https://openalex.org/W2022797681","https://openalex.org/W2041923419","https://openalex.org/W2088680644","https://openalex.org/W6990966599","https://openalex.org/W2073421453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1,81],"determine":[2,75],"the":[3,19,25,30,49,56,83,106,149,178,186,190,219],"recovery":[4,78,204],"of":[5,27,32,39,51,77,79,85,105,189,205,228,267],"vancomycin-resistant":[6],"enterococci":[7],"(VRE)":[8],"on":[9,29,87,134,177,185,231],"fingertips,":[10,12],"gloved":[11,135],"and":[13,22,43,55,63,108,112,120,136,181,234,242,269],"environmental":[14,58,235,257],"surfaces":[15,258],"commonly":[16],"encountered":[17],"in":[18,168,199,203],"healthcare":[20],"setting,":[21],"to":[23,74,217,271],"examine":[24],"importance":[26],"handwashing":[28,86],"removal":[31],"these":[33,253],"organisms.":[34,80],"DESIGN:":[35],"Two":[36],"clinical":[37],"isolates":[38],"VRE":[40,225,268],"(Enterococcus":[41],"faecalis":[42,141],"Enterococcus":[44],"faecium)":[45],"were":[46,68,94,97,115],"inoculated":[47],"onto":[48],"hands":[50,222],"healthy":[52],"human":[53],"volunteers":[54],"following":[57,245],"surfaces:":[59],"countertops,":[60],"bedrails,":[61,157],"telephones,":[62],"stethoscopes.":[64],"Following":[65],"inoculation,":[66],"samples":[67],"obtained":[69],"at":[70,130],"various":[71],"time":[72],"intervals":[73],"rates":[76],"evaluate":[82],"effects":[84],"enterococcal":[88,126,159],"recovery,":[89],"two":[90],"different":[91],"soap":[92,111,214],"preparations":[93],"tested.":[95],"Hands":[96,237],"washed":[98,240],"with":[99,103,117,195,210,247,252],"water":[100,113,196,211],"alone":[101,197],"or":[102,250],"one":[104],"soaps":[107],"water.":[109],"The":[110,139,171],"studies":[114],"performed":[116],"a":[118,121,207],"5-second":[119,193],"30-second":[122,208],"wash.":[123],"RESULTS:":[124],"Both":[125],"strains":[127],"survived":[128,161],"for":[129,146,153,162,174,182,264],"least":[131],"60":[132,175],"minutes":[133,176,184],"ungloved":[137],"fingertips.":[138],"E":[140,150],"was":[142,215],"recoverable":[143],"from":[144,221],"countertops":[145],"5":[147],"days;":[148],"faecium":[151],"persisted":[152,173],"7":[154],"days.":[155],"For":[156],"both":[158],"species":[160],"24":[163],"hours":[164],"without":[165],"significant":[166],"reduction":[167],"colony":[169],"counts.":[170],"bacteria":[172,220],"telephone":[179],"handpiece":[180],"30":[183],"diaphragmatic":[187],"surface":[188],"stethoscope.":[191],"A":[192],"wash":[194,209],"resulted":[198],"virtually":[200],"no":[201],"change":[202],"enterococci;":[206],"plus":[212],"either":[213],"necessary":[216],"eradicate":[218],"completely.":[223],"CONCLUSION:":[224],"are":[226],"capable":[227],"prolonged":[229],"survival":[230],"hands,":[232],"gloves,":[233],"surfaces.":[236],"should":[238],"be":[239,272],"thoroughly":[241],"gloves":[243],"removed":[244],"contact":[246],"patients":[248],"infected":[249],"colonized":[251],"multidrug-resistant":[254],"bacteria.":[255],"Finally,":[256],"may":[259],"serve":[260],"as":[261],"potential":[262],"reservoirs":[263],"nosocomial":[265],"transmission":[266],"need":[270],"considered":[273],"when":[274],"formulating":[275],"institutional":[276],"infection":[277],"control":[278],"policies.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}