{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013339915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","title":"Urban Sprawl: Lessons from Urban Economics","display_name":"Urban Sprawl: Lessons from Urban Economics","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013339915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","mag":"2013339915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/urb.2001.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217368","display_name":"Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs","issn_l":"1528-7084","issn":["1528-7084","1533-4449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057292094","display_name":"Jan K. Brueckner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-1924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-1924"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan K Brueckner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057292094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":273,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.989268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2001","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"urban sprawl","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-growth-boundary","display_name":"urban growth boundary","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-management","display_name":"growth management","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-regulation","display_name":"land use regulation","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-development","display_name":"suburban development","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmland-loss","display_name":"agricultural land loss","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"traffic congestion","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-density","display_name":"urban density","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-supply","display_name":"land supply","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-land-prices","display_name":"urban land prices","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-value-capture","display_name":"land value capture","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.9654421806335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6884852051734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6113771796226501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5621182918548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.5178311467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5078824162483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.48163217306137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158049464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075337","display_name":"Urban climate","level":3,"score":0.47048547863960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4529210925102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867393","display_name":"Amenity","level":2,"score":0.43215233087539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.41847455501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38751375675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3242546319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32207438349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26684099435806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.23240283131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16460391879081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.12176692485809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09646803140640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/urb.2001.0003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/urb.2001.0003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217368","display_name":"Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs","issn_l":"1528-7084","issn":["1528-7084","1533-4449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/35586","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/35586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6499999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195393940","https://openalex.org/W392497468","https://openalex.org/W604564868","https://openalex.org/W1525738924","https://openalex.org/W1543784964","https://openalex.org/W1551677438","https://openalex.org/W1590265698","https://openalex.org/W1646704973","https://openalex.org/W1971804155","https://openalex.org/W1985374995","https://openalex.org/W1991442346","https://openalex.org/W1992966123","https://openalex.org/W2004651022","https://openalex.org/W2017381592","https://openalex.org/W2036718664","https://openalex.org/W2040673549","https://openalex.org/W2046884791","https://openalex.org/W2048236242","https://openalex.org/W2049730353","https://openalex.org/W2055616671","https://openalex.org/W2081714882","https://openalex.org/W2088697706","https://openalex.org/W2090855587","https://openalex.org/W2101187040","https://openalex.org/W2136101087","https://openalex.org/W2158755176","https://openalex.org/W2167996427","https://openalex.org/W2208201145","https://openalex.org/W2242493968","https://openalex.org/W2313057407","https://openalex.org/W2316373203","https://openalex.org/W2480608414","https://openalex.org/W2800692042","https://openalex.org/W2801811496","https://openalex.org/W3124165356","https://openalex.org/W4299905031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206552343","https://openalex.org/W7099108010","https://openalex.org/W7096695224","https://openalex.org/W4399941832","https://openalex.org/W2117855806","https://openalex.org/W81786317","https://openalex.org/W2055616671","https://openalex.org/W1819444871","https://openalex.org/W7100861597","https://openalex.org/W4297846157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0,3],"Sprawl:Lessons":[1],"from":[2,47,561,604],"Economics":[4],"Jan":[5],"K.":[6],"Brueckner":[7],"Strong":[8],"sentiment":[9],"against":[10],"the":[11,20,24,53,64,82,89,121,152,156,160,173,182,228,241,261,313,324,357,374,377,410,419,462,527,539,553,594,614,632],"phenomenon":[12],"known":[13,243],"as":[14,50,52,493,535,571],"\"urban":[15],"sprawl\"":[16],"has":[17],"emerged":[18],"in":[19,147,253,310,338,350,356,613,631],"United":[21],"States":[22],"over":[23,192],"past":[25],"few":[26,601],"years.":[27],"Critics":[28],"of":[29,44,55,93,102,159,188,231,260,279,283,315,347,373,379,382,412,421,441,456,464,483,496,541,556,635,645],"sprawl":[30,132,358,367,393,466,489,542,597],"argue":[31,62],"that":[32,63,123,155,405,418,498,511,520,664],"urban":[33,69,83,140,366,392,465,488,662],"expansion":[34,70,142,230,555],"encroaches":[35],"excessively":[36],"on":[37,320,391,424,583,596],"agricultural":[38],"land,":[39],"leading":[40,99,627],"to":[41,87,96,100,135,214,226,249,257,275,294,364,396,432,460,468,478,502,516,532,551,574,628,660,677],"a":[42,125,136,267,345,370,425,481,518,536,629],"loss":[43],"amenity":[45],"benefits":[46,602],"open":[48,575],"space":[49,384,576],"well":[51],"depletion":[54],"scarce":[56],"farmland":[57],"resources.":[58],"The":[59,354,402,454,558,637],"critics":[60,133,153],"also":[61],"long":[65],"commutes":[66],"generated":[67],"by":[68,110,165,177,199,568],"create":[71],"excessive":[72,500,533],"traffic":[73,579],"congestion":[74],"and":[75,143,170,219,340,467,523,577,581],"air":[76],"pollution.":[77],"In":[78,181,212,430,485],"addition,":[79],"growth":[80,146,187,237,296,495,513,534,663],"at":[81,385],"fringe":[84],"is":[85,404,459,476,499,504,514,521,598,648,665],"thought":[86],"depress":[88],"incentive":[90],"for":[91,206,277,414,623],"redevelopment":[92],"land":[94,285,413],"closer":[95],"city":[97,606,646],"centers,":[98],"decay":[101],"downtown":[103],"areas.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"some":[106,643],"commentators":[107],"claim":[108],"that,":[109],"spreading":[111],"people":[112],"out,":[113],"low-density":[114],"suburban":[115],"development":[116],"reduces":[117],"social":[118],"interaction,":[119],"weakening":[120],"bonds":[122],"underpin":[124],"healthy":[126],"society.1":[127],"To":[128,472],"make":[129],"their":[130,439],"case,":[131],"point":[134],"sharp":[137],"imbalance":[138],"between":[139,168],"spatial":[141,157,186,229,494,512,554],"underlying":[144],"population":[145,175,197,519],"U.S.":[148],"cities.":[149,208,232,557],"For":[150],"example,":[151],"note":[154],"size":[158],"Chicago":[161],"metropolitan":[162,184],"area":[163],"grew":[164,176],"46":[166],"percent":[167,190],"1970":[169],"1990,":[171],"while":[172],"area's":[174],"only":[178,655],"4":[179],"percent.":[180],"Cleveland":[183],"area,":[185],"33":[189],"occurred":[191],"this":[193,433,457,486],"period":[194],"even":[195],"though":[196],"declined":[198],"8":[200],"percent.2":[201],"Similar":[202],"comparisons":[203],"are":[204,360,543,652,658,671,675],"possible":[205],"other":[207],"[End":[209,588],"Page":[210,589],"65]":[211],"response":[213,431],"concerns":[215],"about":[216],"sprawl,":[217],"state":[218,301],"local":[220,348],"governments":[221],"have":[222,235,451],"adopted":[223],"policies":[224,407,547],"designed":[225,363],"restrict":[227,552,661],"Twelve":[233],"states":[234],"enacted":[236],"management":[238],"programs,":[239],"with":[240,480,600],"best":[242],"being":[244],"New":[245],"Jersey's":[246],"1998":[247,289,322],"commitment":[248],"spend":[250],"$1":[251],"billion":[252],"sales":[254],"tax":[255],"revenue":[256],"purchase":[258,278],"half":[259],"state's":[262],"remaining":[263],"vacant":[264],"land.":[265],"Under":[266],"similar":[268],"program,":[269],"Maryland":[270],"had":[271],"allocated":[272],"$38":[273],"million":[274],"localities":[276],"nearly":[280],"20,000":[281],"acres":[282],"undeveloped":[284],"through":[286],"1998.":[287],"Tennessee's":[288],"antisprawl":[290,317,406],"ordinance":[291],"requires":[292],"cities":[293,398,497,622],"impose":[295],"boundaries":[297],"or":[298],"risk":[299],"losing":[300],"infrastructure":[302],"funds,":[303],"mirroring":[304],"an":[305,389],"earlier,":[306],"more":[307,525],"stringent":[308],"law":[309],"Oregon.":[311],"Following":[312],"appearance":[314],"240":[316],"initiatives":[318,337],"nationwide":[319],"November":[321,325],"ballots,":[323],"2000":[326],"election":[327],"saw":[328],"many":[329],"additional":[330],"measures":[331,349,657,670],"put":[332],"before":[333],"voters.":[334],"Prominent":[335],"statewide":[336],"Arizona":[339],"Colorado":[341],"were":[342,352],"defeated,":[343],"but":[344,650,668],"number":[346],"California":[351],"approved.3":[353],"stakes":[355],"debate":[359],"substantial.":[361],"Measures":[362],"attack":[365,390,595],"would":[368,394,408,428,437,450,565,585,609,617,640],"affect":[369],"key":[371],"element":[372],"American":[375,633],"life-style:":[376],"consumption":[378,440,564],"large":[380],"amounts":[381],"living":[383],"affordable":[386],"prices.":[387],"Ultimately,":[388],"lead":[395],"denser":[397,621],"containing":[399],"smaller":[400,447],"dwellings.":[401],"reason":[403],"limit":[409],"supply":[411],"residential":[415],"development,":[416],"so":[417],"price":[420,434],"housing,":[422],"measured":[423],"per-square-foot":[426],"basis,":[427],"rise.":[429],"escalation,":[435],"consumers":[436,582,608,674],"reduce":[438],"housing":[442,563],"space,":[443],"making":[444],"new":[445],"homes":[446],"than":[448],"they":[449],"been":[452],"otherwise.":[453],"goal":[455],"paper":[458],"assess":[461],"criticisms":[463,540],"identify":[469],"appropriate":[470],"remedies.":[471],"do":[473],"so,":[474],"it":[475],"important":[477],"start":[479],"definition":[482,528],"sprawl.":[484],"paper,":[487],"will":[490],"be":[491,549,566,586,610,618],"defined":[492],"relative":[501],"what":[503],"socially":[505],"desirable.":[506],"While":[507],"no":[508,624],"one":[509],"doubts":[510],"needed":[515,659],"accommodate":[517],"expanding":[522],"growing":[524],"affluent,":[526],"used":[529,672],"here":[530],"points":[531],"problem.4":[537],"If":[538,654],"correct,":[544],"then":[545],"public":[546],"should":[548],"altered":[550],"resulting":[559],"losses":[560],"lower":[562,578],"offset":[567],"gains":[569],"such":[570],"improved":[572],"access":[573],"congestion,":[580],"balance":[584],"better":[587],"66]":[590],"off.":[591],"But":[592],"if":[593,642],"misguided,":[599],"arising":[603],"restricted":[605],"sizes,":[607],"worse":[611,680],"off":[612],"end.":[615],"People":[616],"packed":[619],"into":[620],"good":[625],"reason,":[626],"reduction":[630],"standard":[634],"living.":[636],"same":[638],"conclusion":[639],"arise":[641],"limitation":[644],"sizes":[647],"desirable,":[649],"policymakers":[651],"overzealous.":[653],"mild":[656],"slightly":[666],"excessive,":[667],"draconian":[669],"instead,":[673],"likely":[676],"end":[678],"up":[679],"off.5":[681],"This":[682],"paper...":[683]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
