{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013259998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","title":"Satisfaction, commitment, and psychological well-being among HMO physicians","display_name":"Satisfaction, commitment, and psychological well-being among HMO physicians","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013259998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","mag":"2013259998","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11154654","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1071220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S957613476","display_name":"Western Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0093-0415","issn":["0093-0415","1476-2978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1071220/pdf/wjm17400013.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033322254","display_name":"Donald K. Freeborn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114677","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/028gzjv13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. K Freeborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region 3800 N Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA. don.freeborn@kpchr.org","Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region 3800 N Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region 3800 N Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA. don.freeborn@kpchr.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region 3800 N Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033322254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210114677"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.7925,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":268,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99640739,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"174","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-satisfaction","display_name":"physician satisfaction","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-well-being","display_name":"psychological well-being","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-maintenance-organizations","display_name":"health maintenance organizations","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-control","display_name":"perceived control","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-age","display_name":"physician age","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-specialties","display_name":"medical specialties","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-morale","display_name":"physician morale","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.7981948852539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6501734256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.6415991187095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.5968428254127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992556508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Health maintenance","level":3,"score":0.5319716334342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.5105810761451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45950552821159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778967200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22813086","display_name":"Perceived control","level":2,"score":0.4431541860103607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.43161508440971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4283609092235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4103025794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3969860374927521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.372169554233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28978431224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2652014493942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.10682746767997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002055","descriptor_name":"Burnout, Professional","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006279","descriptor_name":"Health Maintenance Organizations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007588","descriptor_name":"Job Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S957613476","display_name":"Western Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0093-0415","issn":["0093-0415","1476-2978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1071220","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1071220","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1071220/pdf/wjm17400013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:104710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1071220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11154654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11154654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Western journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/942921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Satisfaction,+commitment,+and+psychological+well-being+among+HMO+physicians&title=WJM:+Western+Journal+of+Medicine+&volume=174&issue=1&spage=13-18&date=2001-01&au=Freeborn,+Donald+K.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:228342","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1071220","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1071220","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1071220/pdf/wjm17400013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013259998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2013259998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168063189","https://openalex.org/W1970512280","https://openalex.org/W1986195252","https://openalex.org/W1999535288","https://openalex.org/W2013342435","https://openalex.org/W2023160584","https://openalex.org/W2027134727","https://openalex.org/W2060331946","https://openalex.org/W2062970954","https://openalex.org/W2073158405","https://openalex.org/W2078253678","https://openalex.org/W2086016500","https://openalex.org/W2161147921","https://openalex.org/W2418479286","https://openalex.org/W2471445804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W168063189","https://openalex.org/W2418479286","https://openalex.org/W2462091416","https://openalex.org/W229025594","https://openalex.org/W1993134897","https://openalex.org/W2010898438","https://openalex.org/W2410336711","https://openalex.org/W2170353732","https://openalex.org/W2090054283","https://openalex.org/W1986195252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"identify":[2],"the":[3,34,64,91,127,143,168],"factors":[4],"that":[5,148,177,190],"predict":[6],"professional":[7,187],"satisfaction,":[8,165],"organizational":[9],"commitment,":[10],"and":[11,36,78,104,113,115,124,129,154,170,174,189,201],"burnout":[12],"among":[13],"physicians":[14,32,107,179],"working":[15],"for":[16,54],"health":[17],"maintenance":[18],"organizations":[19],"(HMOs).":[20],"METHODS":[21],"AND":[22],"PARTICIPANTS:":[23],"Data":[24],"came":[25],"from":[26,76,159],"mail":[27],"surveys":[28],"of":[29,61,85,111,118,164],"Kaiser":[30],"Permanente":[31],"in":[33],"Northwest":[35],"Ohio":[37],"regions.":[38],"The":[39,49,82],"average":[40],"response":[41],"rate":[42],"was":[43,58],"80%":[44],"(n":[45],"=":[46],"608).":[47],"RESULTS:":[48],"single":[50],"most":[51],"important":[52],"predictor":[53],"all":[55],"3":[56,96],"outcomes":[57,97],"a":[59],"sense":[60],"control":[62,141,181],"over":[63,142,182],"practice":[65,144],"environment.":[66],"Other":[67],"significant":[68],"predictors":[69,87],"included":[70],"perceived":[71],"work":[72,150,188],"demands,":[73],"social":[74,192],"support":[75,158],"colleagues,":[77],"satisfaction":[79,112],"with":[80],"resources.":[81],"relative":[83],"importance":[84],"these":[86],"varied,":[88],"depending":[89],"on":[90],"outcome":[92],"under":[93],"consideration.":[94],"All":[95],"were":[98,121,130],"also":[99],"related":[100],"to":[101,126,133,167,196],"physician":[102,199],"age":[103],"specialty.":[105],"Older":[106],"had":[108],"higher":[109,162],"levels":[110,117,163],"commitment":[114,166],"lower":[116],"burnout.":[119],"Pediatricians":[120],"more":[122,157,180],"satisfied":[123],"committed":[125],"HMO":[128],"less":[131],"likely":[132,195],"burn":[134],"out.":[135],"CONCLUSIONS:":[136],"Physicians":[137],"who":[138,146,155],"perceive":[139,147],"greater":[140],"environment,":[145],"their":[149,186],"demands":[151],"are":[152,194],"reasonable,":[153],"have":[156,161],"colleagues":[160],"HMO,":[169],"psychological":[171],"well-being.":[172],"Interventions":[173],"administrative":[175],"changes":[176],"give":[178],"how":[183],"they":[184],"do":[185],"enhance":[191],"supports":[193],"improve":[197],"both":[198],"morale":[200],"performance.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}