{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013100047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","title":"Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes","display_name":"Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013100047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","mag":"2013100047","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24939426","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4207393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/db14-0365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4207393/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017791907","display_name":"Sefina Arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-7610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-7610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sefina Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018311311","display_name":"Pia Leete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-0040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-0040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pia Leete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109605514","display_name":"Vy Nguyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vy Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108625912","display_name":"Katherine Marks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018455975","display_name":"Nurhanani Mohamed Nor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurhanani Mohamed Nor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071888407","display_name":"Megan Estorninho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Estorninho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063856525","display_name":"Deborah Kronenberg\u2010Versteeg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-9998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-9998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113000794","display_name":"Polly J. Bingley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polly J. Bingley","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","3School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John A. Todd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156194","display_name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055vbxf86","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210156194","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114889754","display_name":"Catherine Guy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-7623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-7623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156194","display_name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055vbxf86","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Guy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016379322","display_name":"David B. Dunger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-9304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-9304","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-3495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156194","display_name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055vbxf86","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Dunger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000698404","display_name":"Jake Powrie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125671874","display_name":"National Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnqcb97","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125671874","https://openalex.org/I1311074006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324925910","display_name":"St Thomas' Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/054gk2851","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I4210111135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200166805","display_name":"Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00j161312","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200166805"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Powrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas\u2019 Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas\u2019 Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125671874","https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I200166805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034766114","display_name":"Abby O\u2019Connell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-927X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-927X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abby Willcox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019744167","display_name":"Alan K. Foulis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802050120","display_name":"Southern General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wvkky61","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I2802050120","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan K. Foulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Greater Glasgow and Clyde Pathology Department, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, U.K","7Greater Glasgow and Clyde Pathology Department, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Greater Glasgow and Clyde Pathology Department, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802050120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"7Greater Glasgow and Clyde Pathology Department, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802050120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058034008","display_name":"Sarah J. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-6062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-6062","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-7286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah J. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066294430","display_name":"Emanuele de Rinaldis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-1114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-1114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324925910","display_name":"St Thomas' Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/054gk2851","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I4210111135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200166805","display_name":"Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00j161312","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200166805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34931013","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele de Rinaldis","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035490035","display_name":"Noel G. Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-8113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-8113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel G. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051400764","display_name":"Anna Lorenc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-7607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-7607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324925910","display_name":"St Thomas' Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/054gk2851","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I4210111135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200166805","display_name":"Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00j161312","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200166805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34931013","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Lorenc","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324925910","https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I200166805","https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069247087","display_name":"Mark Peakman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-3513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-3513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Peakman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunobiology, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069247087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":245,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99021161,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"11","first_page":"3835","last_page":"3845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-heterogeneity","display_name":"disease heterogeneity","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endotypes","display_name":"endotypes","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoantibodies","display_name":"autoantibodies","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoreactive-t-cells","display_name":"autoreactive T cells","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-10","display_name":"IL-10","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulitis","display_name":"insulitis","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd20","display_name":"CD20","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cells","display_name":"B cells","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-cell-destruction","display_name":"beta cell destruction","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-diagnosis","display_name":"age at diagnosis","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunopathology","display_name":"immunopathology","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6880538463592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6615808606147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6532772779464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.6446428894996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163764329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785022","display_name":"Autoantibody","level":3,"score":0.5793552994728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.563427209854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5617821216583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165220095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207524","display_name":"Islet","level":3,"score":0.5582968592643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.5498131513595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.48862701654434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.4849231541156769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781293274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376560","display_name":"Endotype","level":3,"score":0.44117215275764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3073740601539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26048755645751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.18044021725654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.15964937210083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10424971580505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06796851754188538}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001324","descriptor_name":"Autoantigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001324","descriptor_name":"Autoantigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015551","descriptor_name":"Autoimmunity","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/db14-0365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24939426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24939426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4207393","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4207393/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.815.2365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.815.2365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/08/bf/3835.PMC4207393.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29708447","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Blood_and_islet_phenotypes_indicate_immunological_heterogeneity_in_type_1_diabetes/29708447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/7fffd05d-b42e-40d8-90b6-0be88dfb9bc6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/7fffd05d-b42e-40d8-90b6-0be88dfb9bc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arif, S, Leete, P, Nguyen, V, Marks, K, Nor, N M, Estorninho, M, Kronenberg-Versteeg, D, Bingley, P J, Todd, J A, Guy, C, Dunger, D B, Powrie, J, Willcox, A, Foulis, A K, Richardson, S J, de Rinaldis, E, Morgan, N G, Lorenc, A & Peakman, M 2014, 'Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes', Diabetes, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 3835-3845. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/17968","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2383412776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pia_Leete/publication/269419092_Islet_inflammation_in_human_type_1_diabetes_mellitus/links/548f1f450cf225bf66a7fbe9.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4207393","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4207393/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1132206153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01-DK-084565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138985138","display_name":"Los Angeles Basin Clinical and Translational Science Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1RR031986","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G151892965","display_name":"UF Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1RR029890","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1566882731","display_name":"UT Southwestern Center for Translational Medicine (UL1/KL2/TL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1651394900","display_name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1RR024131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1728479514","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Clinical Centers","funder_award_id":"U01DK061040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1803235707","display_name":"TrialNet: University of Florida Clinical Center and Network","funder_award_id":"U01DK085461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1912914708","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet at Indiana University Clinical Center","funder_award_id":"U01DK085505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1980108060","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes-A Proposal for Prevention & Intervention","funder_award_id":"U01DK085476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1980346786","display_name":"CLINICAL AFFILIATE OF THE TYPE 1 DIABETES TRIALNET","funder_award_id":"U01DK085499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G231033738","display_name":"GCRC-General Clinical Research Center","funder_award_id":"M01RR000400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2685929819","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0513-10143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2685970776","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes Trialnet: Operations Coord. Center","funder_award_id":"U01DK061055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2694963330","display_name":"Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory.","funder_award_id":"091157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802423772","display_name":"Spectrum Stanford Center for clinical and Translational Research and Education","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2828153424","display_name":"Stanford Center for Clinical and Translational Education and Research (SCCTER)UL1","funder_award_id":"UL1RR025744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3468208330","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes-A Proposal for Prevention & Intervention","funder_award_id":"U01DK061036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3707381941","display_name":"Continuation of UCSF as a Clinical Center for TrialNet","funder_award_id":"U01DK061010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3745236714","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1RR024153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G40899694","display_name":"Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes (TrialNet)","funder_award_id":"U01DK061058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4244245306","display_name":"Northwest Clinical Center for Type 1 Diabetes - TrialNet","funder_award_id":"U01DK061034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4869868672","display_name":"Cellular Medicine at the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research.","funder_award_id":"100140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5013305198","display_name":"North and Central Texas Clinical and Translational Science Initiative (UL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1RR024982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5037084512","display_name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1RR025761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5052597396","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0508-10274","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5399816021","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0508-10275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G584698736","display_name":"TrialNet at Stanford University","funder_award_id":"U01DK061042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5853261428","display_name":"Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5883306605","display_name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1TR000004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6347825403","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0513-10012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6474381264","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Toronto Clinical Centre","funder_award_id":"U01DK085463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6628171993","display_name":"The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) UL1","funder_award_id":"UL1RR024975","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7133194941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN267200800019C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7277901505","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Clinical Centers (U01)","funder_award_id":"U01DK085453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7540356558","display_name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Support Facilities","funder_award_id":"U01DK061041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7559843093","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes TrialNet Center at Yale University","funder_award_id":"U01DK085466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7997649184","display_name":"Yale University Clinical and Translational Science Award Program","funder_award_id":"UL1TR000142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8052269359","display_name":"Yale University Clinical and Translational Science Award Program","funder_award_id":"UL1RR024139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8090474474","display_name":"TrialNet: Diabetes Type 1 Prevention","funder_award_id":"U01DK085509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G871789362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 DK-061016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G998814062","display_name":"Colorado Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1RR025780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965800980","https://openalex.org/W1985191631","https://openalex.org/W1993142864","https://openalex.org/W2004261397","https://openalex.org/W2008945707","https://openalex.org/W2012023401","https://openalex.org/W2048114019","https://openalex.org/W2050995545","https://openalex.org/W2057222165","https://openalex.org/W2060637301","https://openalex.org/W2062573090","https://openalex.org/W2064431167","https://openalex.org/W2067324660","https://openalex.org/W2074381810","https://openalex.org/W2098954537","https://openalex.org/W2109886432","https://openalex.org/W2117055080","https://openalex.org/W2120361612","https://openalex.org/W2122400330","https://openalex.org/W2123592823","https://openalex.org/W2126265064","https://openalex.org/W2137688247","https://openalex.org/W2141290627","https://openalex.org/W2149765115","https://openalex.org/W2151897007","https://openalex.org/W2154326599","https://openalex.org/W2154694193","https://openalex.org/W2161096919","https://openalex.org/W2162600022","https://openalex.org/W2162789526","https://openalex.org/W2429231050","https://openalex.org/W2526749570","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W6676193690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383412776","https://openalex.org/W2900825849","https://openalex.org/W2989634218","https://openalex.org/W7137694263","https://openalex.org/W2925037161","https://openalex.org/W2163626160","https://openalex.org/W7167939971","https://openalex.org/W4285118677","https://openalex.org/W1984280896","https://openalex.org/W4236421958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"in":[1,10,20,52],"type":[2,106,198],"1":[3,107,199],"diabetes":[4,108],"indicate":[5,174],"potential":[6],"disease":[7,85],"heterogeneity,":[8],"notably":[9],"the":[11,122],"rate":[12],"of":[13,46,84,100,117,124,129],"\u03b2-cell":[14],"loss,":[15],"responsiveness":[16],"to":[17],"immunotherapies,":[18],"and,":[19],"limited":[21],"studies,":[22],"islet":[23,177],"pathology.":[24],"We":[25,189],"sought":[26],"evidence":[27],"for":[28,204],"different":[29,192],"immunological":[30],"phenotypes":[31,41,182],"using":[32],"two":[33,63,114,154],"approaches.":[34],"First,":[35],"we":[36,133],"defined":[37],"blood":[38,179],"autoimmune":[39,180],"response":[40,181],"by":[42,68,121,151,160],"combinatorial,":[43],"multiparameter":[44],"analysis":[45,61],"autoantibodies":[47],"and":[48,72,127,137,148,178,186,206],"autoreactive":[49],"T-cell":[50],"responses":[51],"33":[53],"children/adolescents":[54,102],"with":[55,103,164,185],"newly":[56],"diagnosed":[57,105],"diabetes.":[58],"Multidimensional":[59],"cluster":[60],"showed":[62,87],"equal-sized":[64,155],"patient":[65],"agglomerations":[66],"characterized":[67],"proinflammatory":[69],"(interferon-\u03b3-positive,":[70],"multiautoantibody-positive)":[71],"partially":[73],"regulated":[74],"(interleukin-10-positive,":[75],"pauci-autoantibody-positive)":[76],"responses.":[77],"Multiautoantibody-positive":[78],"nondiabetic":[79],"siblings":[80],"at":[81,162],"high":[82],"risk":[83],"progression":[86],"similar":[88],"clustering.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"pancreas":[91],"samples":[92],"obtained":[93],"post":[94],"mortem":[95],"from":[96],"a":[97],"separate":[98],"cohort":[99],"21":[101],"recently":[104],"were":[109,149],"examined":[110],"immunohistologically.":[111],"This":[112],"revealed":[113],"distinct":[115],"types":[116],"insulitic":[118],"lesions":[119],"distinguishable":[120],"degree":[123],"cellular":[125],"infiltrate":[126],"presence":[128],"B":[130],"cells":[131],"that":[132,157,183,191],"termed":[134],"\"hyper-immune":[135],"CD20Hi\"":[136],"\"pauci-immune":[138],"CD20Lo.\"":[139],"Of":[140],"note,":[141],"subjects":[142,167],"had":[143],"only":[144],"one":[145],"infiltration":[146],"phenotype":[147],"partitioned":[150],"this":[152],"into":[153],"groups":[156],"differed":[158],"significantly":[159],"age":[161],"diagnosis,":[163],"hyper-immune":[165],"CD20Hi":[166],"being":[168],"5":[169],"years":[170],"younger.":[171],"These":[172],"data":[173],"potentially":[175],"related":[176],"coincide":[184],"precede":[187],"disease.":[188],"conclude":[190],"immunopathological":[193],"processes":[194],"(endotypes)":[195],"may":[196],"underlie":[197],"diabetes,":[200],"carrying":[201],"important":[202],"implications":[203],"treatment":[205],"prevention":[207],"strategies.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}