{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013053900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","title":"Farm size and productivity in Malawian smallholder agriculture","display_name":"Farm size and productivity in Malawian smallholder agriculture","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013053900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","mag":"2013053900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220389908422595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040150013","display_name":"Andrew Dorward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80365814","display_name":"Wye College","ror":"https://ror.org/003b78q25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80365814"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Dorward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Wye College, University of London, Wye, Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Wye College, University of London, Wye, Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I80365814"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040150013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I80365814"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91056321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"141","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.37599998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.37599998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.263700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.15919999778270721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-shortage","display_name":"labor shortage","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-scarcity","display_name":"land scarcity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-constraints","display_name":"capital constraints","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-household-model","display_name":"farm household model","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development-policy","display_name":"rural development policy","score":0.9480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.73699551820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6368380188941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5804519057273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5305823683738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.5223118662834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.49523845314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.489108145236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34320777654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21656814217567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2000451683998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08204430341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220389908422595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:35:y:1999:i:5:p:141-161","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220389908422595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:8871","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/8871/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400728","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (Georgetown University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/:346019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402168","display_name":"SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31575130","host_organization_name":"SOAS University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31575130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615835310","https://openalex.org/W1536726302","https://openalex.org/W1566053956","https://openalex.org/W1852010642","https://openalex.org/W1964890299","https://openalex.org/W1972415125","https://openalex.org/W1972417212","https://openalex.org/W1982962855","https://openalex.org/W1996008217","https://openalex.org/W2003383242","https://openalex.org/W2028494573","https://openalex.org/W2031621405","https://openalex.org/W2041241497","https://openalex.org/W2052748900","https://openalex.org/W2072012412","https://openalex.org/W2081247857","https://openalex.org/W2092733572","https://openalex.org/W2131209357","https://openalex.org/W2335415582","https://openalex.org/W2992290772","https://openalex.org/W3123895118","https://openalex.org/W3169305360","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163478674","https://openalex.org/W2794963840","https://openalex.org/W4237458481","https://openalex.org/W1540773748","https://openalex.org/W6907410056","https://openalex.org/W4296893896","https://openalex.org/W3023122066","https://openalex.org/W3121442409","https://openalex.org/W2979803456","https://openalex.org/W2474183848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"contributes":[2],"to":[3],"the":[4,22,51],"limited":[5],"literature":[6],"on":[7,82],"farm":[8,37],"size":[9,38],"and":[10,21,39,44,68,79],"productivity":[11,40],"in":[12,15,41,48,61,65],"smallholder":[13,46],"agriculture":[14],"sub\u2010Saharan":[16],"Africa.":[17],"Farm":[18],"survey":[19],"data,":[20],"results":[23],"from":[24],"a":[25,33],"linear":[26],"programming":[27],"farm\u2010household":[28],"model,":[29],"provide":[30],"evidence":[31],"for":[32,86],"positive":[34],"relationship":[35,58],"between":[36],"both":[42,77],"labour\u2010scarce":[43],"land\u2010scarce":[45],"farming":[47],"Malawi":[49],"during":[50],"1980's.":[52],"The":[53],"absence":[54],"of":[55,63],"an":[56],"inverse":[57],"is":[59],"explained":[60],"terms":[62],"failures":[64],"land,":[66],"capital":[67,73,78],"produce":[69],"markets":[70],"with":[71],"acute":[72],"constraints,":[74],"which":[75],"affect":[76],"labour":[80],"inputs":[81],"smaller":[83],"farms.":[84],"Implications":[85],"rural":[87],"development":[88],"policies":[89],"are":[90],"discussed.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}