{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012990920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","title":"Managerial Tenure, Business Age, and Small Business Turnover","display_name":"Managerial Tenure, Business Age, and Small Business Turnover","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012990920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","mag":"2012990920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/209804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103489124","display_name":"Thomas J. Holmes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics (Twin Cities)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics (Twin Cities)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081050817","display_name":"James Andrew Schmitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Schmitz,","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91870358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11843","display_name":"Family Business Performance and Succession","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-tenure","display_name":"managerial tenure","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-age","display_name":"business age","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-failure","display_name":"small business failure","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-sale","display_name":"business sale","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-owner-characteristics","display_name":"business owner characteristics","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7079129219055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.680069088935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109680","display_name":"Small business","level":2,"score":0.6689664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26077564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1910318","display_name":"Turnover","level":2,"score":0.4293504059314728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3233955502510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.29661285877227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21380198001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16549420356750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08991566300392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/209804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/209804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548872077","https://openalex.org/W1563412668","https://openalex.org/W1970466444","https://openalex.org/W1993003437","https://openalex.org/W2009969231","https://openalex.org/W2034250651","https://openalex.org/W2050909712","https://openalex.org/W2085042242","https://openalex.org/W2088782929","https://openalex.org/W2111562586","https://openalex.org/W2123253124","https://openalex.org/W2166593106","https://openalex.org/W2890679322","https://openalex.org/W3021074113","https://openalex.org/W3122888009","https://openalex.org/W3124990305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965832854","https://openalex.org/W1560777724","https://openalex.org/W1554819935","https://openalex.org/W81752938","https://openalex.org/W2994049157","https://openalex.org/W2299716160","https://openalex.org/W2473860866","https://openalex.org/W2104977134","https://openalex.org/W2975837565","https://openalex.org/W2159350847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"explores":[2],"a":[3,49,56,88],"Census":[4],"Bureau":[5],"survey":[6],"of":[7,15,33,42,67,96],"the":[8,12,27,43,46,53,65,68,71,79,85,94,97],"small":[9,24,40],"business":[10,50,57,89],"sector,":[11],"1982":[13],"Characteristics":[14],"Business":[16],"Owners":[17],"survey,":[18],"which":[19],"contains":[20],"information":[21],"on":[22],"both":[23,61],"businesses":[25,41,74],"and":[26,52],"managers":[28,76],"running":[29],"them.":[30],"A":[31],"number":[32],"patterns":[34],"are":[35,60],"documented.":[36],"For":[37],"example,":[38],"among":[39],"same":[44,80],"age,":[45],"probability":[47,54,86],"that":[48,55,87],"fails":[51,90],"is":[58,91],"sold":[59],"initially":[62],"decreasing":[63,92],"in":[64,93],"tenure":[66,81],"manager":[69],"at":[70,82],"business.":[72,98],"Among":[73],"with":[75],"who":[77],"have":[78],"their":[83],"business,":[84],"age":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}