{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012761617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","title":"The kinetic depth effect and optic flow\u0201II. First- and second-order motion","display_name":"The kinetic depth effect and optic flow\u0201II. First- and second-order motion","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012761617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","mag":"2012761617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2035270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069621196","display_name":"Michael S. Landy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-4552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-4552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Landy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003","Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052261796","display_name":"Barbara Anne Dosher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara A. Dosher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Deartment, Columbia University, NY 10027, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Deartment, Columbia University, NY 10027, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061239137","display_name":"George Sperling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-8217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-8217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Sperling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103477522","display_name":"Mark E. Perkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark E. Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, New York University, NY 10003 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"apc_paid":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"fwci":1.8919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86467532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"859","last_page":"876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinetic-depth-effect","display_name":"kinetic depth effect","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"optical flow","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-shape-perception","display_name":"3D shape perception","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-order-motion","display_name":"first-order motion","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-motion","display_name":"second-order motion","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-energy","display_name":"motion energy","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-recognition","display_name":"shape recognition","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-motion","display_name":"global motion","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstimulus-interval","display_name":"interstimulus interval","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5229088664054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48575856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852504","display_name":"Motion perception","level":3,"score":0.4883134067058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4785764515399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.47164076566696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50747851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6410776","display_name":"Kinetic depth effect","level":4,"score":0.46428146958351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4549746513366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4216597378253937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.41152653098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39089447259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3217132091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09945455193519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009903","descriptor_name":"Optical Illusions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012399","descriptor_name":"Rotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2035270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2035270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W772160249","https://openalex.org/W829748160","https://openalex.org/W1570914610","https://openalex.org/W1967592955","https://openalex.org/W1969544701","https://openalex.org/W1971683217","https://openalex.org/W1977404689","https://openalex.org/W1979815630","https://openalex.org/W1981411073","https://openalex.org/W1987612550","https://openalex.org/W1989701469","https://openalex.org/W1992020754","https://openalex.org/W1994764242","https://openalex.org/W1997469151","https://openalex.org/W1997494543","https://openalex.org/W2000584170","https://openalex.org/W2003098454","https://openalex.org/W2015845769","https://openalex.org/W2044928175","https://openalex.org/W2063338645","https://openalex.org/W2064626190","https://openalex.org/W2065037759","https://openalex.org/W2071780812","https://openalex.org/W2071849119","https://openalex.org/W2074107754","https://openalex.org/W2074798463","https://openalex.org/W2081075280","https://openalex.org/W2084308030","https://openalex.org/W2090030512","https://openalex.org/W2092279673","https://openalex.org/W2097575037","https://openalex.org/W2108992228","https://openalex.org/W2111200213","https://openalex.org/W2117062684","https://openalex.org/W2120852200","https://openalex.org/W2125870145","https://openalex.org/W2128902935","https://openalex.org/W2129164808","https://openalex.org/W2135342085","https://openalex.org/W2142483232","https://openalex.org/W2153607022","https://openalex.org/W2154447994","https://openalex.org/W2157392891","https://openalex.org/W2164934677","https://openalex.org/W2170594506","https://openalex.org/W2802459415","https://openalex.org/W3045807068","https://openalex.org/W3107114427","https://openalex.org/W4232590579","https://openalex.org/W4254865150","https://openalex.org/W4300995161","https://openalex.org/W6680070488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170594506","https://openalex.org/W7097657051","https://openalex.org/W2142483232","https://openalex.org/W3045807068","https://openalex.org/W1979815630","https://openalex.org/W2053483365","https://openalex.org/W2000364245","https://openalex.org/W2014298676","https://openalex.org/W2033328908","https://openalex.org/W2079123495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,135],"use":[1,157],"a":[2,30,158,188,207],"difficult":[3],"shape":[4,37,113,167,205,223],"identification":[5,38,168,224],"task":[6],"to":[7,145],"analyze":[8],"how":[9],"humans":[10],"extract":[11],"3D":[12,36,112,183,222],"surface":[13,204],"structure":[14],"from":[15],"dynamic":[16],"2D":[17],"stimuli--the":[18],"kinetic":[19,147],"depth":[20,148],"effect":[21],"(KDE).":[22],"Stimuli":[23],"composed":[24],"of":[25,40,84,88,131,172,182,203,235],"luminous":[26,32],"tokens":[27],"moving":[28],"on":[29],"less":[31],"background":[33],"yield":[34],"accurate":[35],"regardless":[39],"the":[41,54,85,142,146,180,199],"particular":[42],"token":[43],"used":[44],"(either":[45],"dots,":[46],"lines,":[47],"or":[48,76,186],"disks).":[49],"These":[50],"displays":[51,174],"stimulate":[52],"both":[53],"1st-order":[55,78,100,107,138,214],"(Fourier-energy)":[56],"motion":[57,62,79,101,108,119,139,215],"detectors":[58,140,216],"and":[59,90,129,229],"2nd-order":[60,118,219],"(nonFourier)":[61],"detectors.":[63],"To":[64,150],"determine":[65,151],"which":[66,96],"system":[67],"supports":[68,166],"KDE,":[69,123,155],"we":[70,156],"employ":[71],"stimulus":[72],"manipulations":[73,91,104],"that":[74,92,105,137,198],"weaken":[75],"distort":[77],"energy":[80,109],"(e.g.":[81],"frame-to-frame":[82],"alternation":[83],"contrast":[86],"polarity":[87],"tokens)":[89],"create":[93],"microbalanced":[94],"stimuli":[95],"have":[97],"no":[98],"useful":[99],"energy.":[102],"All":[103],"impair":[106,111],"correspondingly":[110],"identification.":[114],"In":[115],"certain":[116],"cases,":[117],"could":[120],"support":[121],"limited":[122],"but":[124],"it":[125],"was":[126,130],"not":[127,232],"robust":[128],"low":[132],"spatial":[133],"resolution.":[134],"conclude":[136],"are":[141],"primary":[143],"input":[144],"system.":[149],"minimal":[152],"conditions":[153],"for":[154],"two":[159,227],"frame":[160],"display.":[161],"Under":[162],"optimal":[163],"conditions,":[164],"KDE":[165,201],"performance":[169],"at":[170],"63-94%":[171],"full-rotation":[173],"(where":[175],"baseline":[176],"is":[177],"5%).":[178],"Increasing":[179],"amount":[181],"rotation":[184],"portrayed":[185],"introducing":[187],"blank":[189],"inter-stimulus":[190],"interval":[191],"impairs":[192],"performance.":[193],"Together,":[194],"our":[195],"results":[196],"confirm":[197],"human":[200],"computation":[202],"uses":[206],"global":[208],"optic":[209],"flow":[210],"computed":[211],"primarily":[212],"by":[213],"with":[217],"minor":[218],"inputs.":[220],"Accurate":[221],"requires":[225],"only":[226],"views":[228],"therefore":[230],"does":[231],"require":[233],"knowledge":[234],"acceleration.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
