{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012724384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage","display_name":"Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012724384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","mag":"2012724384","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8421201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083232394","display_name":"Joseph P. Broderick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-7709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-7709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92156820","display_name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02p72h367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92156820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph P. Broderick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92156820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010431596","display_name":"Thomas G. Brott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-0941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-0941"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Brott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028127034","display_name":"Thomas A. Tomsick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-1551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-1551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Tomsick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110121942","display_name":"Rosemary Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosemary Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108505444","display_name":"Gertrude A. Huster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gertrude Huster","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":545,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9724514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"2","first_page":"188","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11763","display_name":"Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11763","display_name":"Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10420","display_name":"Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracerebral-hemorrhage","display_name":"intracerebral hemorrhage","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subarachnoid-hemorrhage","display_name":"subarachnoid hemorrhage","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhagic-stroke","display_name":"hemorrhagic stroke","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-cincinnati","display_name":"Greater Cincinnati","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9792563915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777736543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693442","display_name":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage","level":2,"score":0.8400934934616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368943","display_name":"Intracerebral hemorrhage","level":3,"score":0.8214621543884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.7649581432342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6961632966995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4591393768787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.4478984475135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.36392807960510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.33350470662117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19872498512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002543","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002543","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002543","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009820","descriptor_name":"Ohio","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013345","descriptor_name":"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013345","descriptor_name":"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013345","descriptor_name":"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8421201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8421201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574261673","https://openalex.org/W1965992954","https://openalex.org/W1967504430","https://openalex.org/W1975066728","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W2001287863","https://openalex.org/W2007318241","https://openalex.org/W2011793103","https://openalex.org/W2032755018","https://openalex.org/W2036946175","https://openalex.org/W2049679507","https://openalex.org/W2066524919","https://openalex.org/W2072355696","https://openalex.org/W2085181629","https://openalex.org/W2086868660","https://openalex.org/W2092195238","https://openalex.org/W2095808759","https://openalex.org/W2097128427","https://openalex.org/W2099777808","https://openalex.org/W2106447397","https://openalex.org/W2113333920","https://openalex.org/W2129021652","https://openalex.org/W2135596690","https://openalex.org/W2135992638","https://openalex.org/W2164724509","https://openalex.org/W2317146405","https://openalex.org/W2333592939","https://openalex.org/W2414751085","https://openalex.org/W2729107688","https://openalex.org/W4248730516","https://openalex.org/W6645086808","https://openalex.org/W6662908723","https://openalex.org/W6677008789","https://openalex.org/W6680342918","https://openalex.org/W6716152045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097386980","https://openalex.org/W2098961565","https://openalex.org/W1974349235","https://openalex.org/W4255914004","https://openalex.org/W4392197814","https://openalex.org/W2333592939","https://openalex.org/W123250633","https://openalex.org/W2095275395","https://openalex.org/W3108789565","https://openalex.org/W7217093145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,88],"authors":[1],"report":[2],"a":[3],"study":[4],"of":[5,8,39,66,73,92],"all":[6],"instances":[7],"spontaneous":[9],"intracerebral":[10],"hemorrhage":[11,17],"(ICH)":[12],"(188":[13],"cases)":[14,20],"and":[15,34,78,80,118,127],"subarachnoid":[16],"(SAH)":[18],"(80":[19],"that":[21,72,85,110],"occurred":[22],"in":[23],"the":[24,36,101,108,119],"Greater":[25],"Cincinnati":[26],"area":[27],"during":[28],"1988.":[29],"Adjusted":[30],"for":[31,56,75,86,94,105],"age,":[32],"sex,":[33],"race,":[35],"annual":[37],"incidence":[38,65],"ICH":[40,67,95,111],"was":[41,68,96],"15":[42],"per":[43,54],"100,000":[44,55],"population":[45],"(95%":[46,58],"confidence":[47,59],"interval":[48,60],"13":[49],"to":[50,62,131],"17)":[51],"versus":[52],"six":[53],"SAH":[57,74],"5":[61],"8).":[63],"at":[69],"least":[70],"double":[71],"women,":[76],"men,":[77],"whites":[79],"approximately":[81],"1":[82],"1/2":[83],"times":[84],"blacks.":[87],"30-day":[89],"mortality":[90,103],"rate":[91,104],"44%":[93],"not":[97],"significantly":[98],"different":[99],"from":[100],"46%":[102],"SAH.":[106,135],"Despite":[107],"evidence":[109],"is":[112],"more":[113],"than":[114],"twice":[115],"as":[116,122,124],"common":[117],"disorder":[120],"just":[121],"deadly":[123],"SAH,":[125],"clinical":[126],"laboratory":[128],"research":[129],"continues":[130],"focus":[132],"primarily":[133],"on":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}