{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012709249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","title":"Phylogeography and epidemic history of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Africa","display_name":"Phylogeography and epidemic history of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012709249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","mag":"2012709249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25105489","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4162651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682214003122/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682214003122/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002693720","display_name":"James Iles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-9829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-9829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Iles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072277259","display_name":"Jayna Raghwani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-4995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-4995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayna Raghwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109710737","display_name":"G. L. Abby Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196021976","display_name":"Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01b6kha49","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.L. Abby Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infection & Immunity, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infection & Immunity, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902828","display_name":"Jacques P\u00e9pin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-3655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-3655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Pepin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107561377","display_name":"Cyrille Finyom Djoko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800496153","display_name":"Global Viral","ror":"https://ror.org/04b3f3k27","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800496153"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyrille F. Djoko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Viral, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Viral, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800496153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055347767","display_name":"Ubald Tamouf\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3665-2801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3665-2801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134983","display_name":"Metabiota (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/047yqrk88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ubald Tamoufe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabiota, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017560970","display_name":"Matthew LeBreton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-8071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-8071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134983","display_name":"Metabiota (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/047yqrk88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew LeBreton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabiota, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069819705","display_name":"Bradley S. Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-0018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-0018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134983","display_name":"Metabiota (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/047yqrk88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley S. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabiota, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019124422","display_name":"Joseph N. Fair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134983","display_name":"Metabiota (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/047yqrk88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph N. Fair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabiota, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064703580","display_name":"Felix M. Tshala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix M. Tshala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Military Health, Ministry of Defense, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Military Health, Ministry of Defense, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049825418","display_name":"Patrick Kalambayi Kayembe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-2144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-2144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259637","display_name":"Ecole de sant\u00e9 publique de Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/02g0e3a49","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010","https://openalex.org/I4405259637"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick K. Kayembe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110063792","display_name":"Jean Jacques Muyembe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135018","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03qyfje32","country_code":"CD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135018"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Jacques Muyembe","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042543720","display_name":"Samuel Edidi-Basepeo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Edidi-Basepeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National AIDS Control Program, Reference Laboratory, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National AIDS Control Program, Reference Laboratory, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113683907","display_name":"NATHAN D. WOLFE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134983","display_name":"Metabiota (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/047yqrk88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan D. Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabiota, San Francisco, USA; Stanford University Program in Human Biology, Stanford, USA","Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","Stanford University Program in Human Biology, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA; Stanford University Program in Human Biology, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabiota, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Program in Human Biology, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070291466","display_name":"Peter Simmonds K","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-4700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-4700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133960621","display_name":"Roslin Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01920rj20","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133960621","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Simmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133960621","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029546143","display_name":"Paul Klenerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100268","display_name":"Medawar Building for Pathogen Research","ror":"https://ror.org/017g85521","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210100268"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Klenerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210100268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061658598","display_name":"Oliver G. Pybus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-2667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-2667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver G. Pybus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. Electronic address: oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk","Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. Electronic address: oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061658598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3160},"apc_paid":{"value":3160,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3160},"fwci":4.6908,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95926544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"464-465","issue":null,"first_page":"233","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12025","display_name":"Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-genotype-4","display_name":"HCV genotype 4","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogeography","display_name":"phylogeography","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-epidemiology","display_name":"molecular epidemiology","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-history","display_name":"epidemic history","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ns5b-region","display_name":"NS5B region","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-area","display_name":"core area","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-republic-of-the-congo","display_name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"Bayesian phylogenetic analysis","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.8834564685821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7708310484886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94043034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377756","display_name":"Phylogeography","level":4,"score":0.7286595106124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.6397764682769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197583594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052390","display_name":"Most recent common ancestor","level":4,"score":0.48645731806755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4664463698863983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4503624439239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.43961483240127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.39432600140571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2705545425415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.17877447605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058974","descriptor_name":"Phylogeography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682214003122/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3133407","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4162651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4162651","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4162651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25105489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25105489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/269039","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/269039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/ed42d644-7bad-4c46-b997-dc69ee0ae5cf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ed42d644-7bad-4c46-b997-dc69ee0ae5cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iles, J C, Raghwani, J, Harrison, G L A, Pepin, J, Djoko, C F, Tamoufe, U, LeBreton, M, Schneider, B S, Fair, J N, Tshala, F M, Kayembe, P K, Muyembe, J J, Edidi-Basepeo, S, Wolfe, N D, Simmonds, P, Klenerman, P & Pybus, O G 2014, 'Phylogeography and epidemic history of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Africa', Virology, vol. 464-465C, pp. 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.006","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682214003122/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6147291","display_name":"Virology","issn_l":"0042-6822","issn":["0042-6822","1089-862X","1096-0341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1204418272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"091663MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2665813248","display_name":"Mechanistic understanding of virus pathogenesis and resistance","funder_award_id":"BBS/E/D/20241864","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126455747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT 091663MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2097755438","funder_display_name":"Google.org"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G571028180","display_name":"Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (AITRP)","funder_award_id":"D43TW000010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G619786900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT091663MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6243945812","display_name":"Function and specificity of T cells in persistent virus infection.","funder_award_id":"091663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6887627516","display_name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution.","funder_award_id":"095831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8207737760","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0510-10204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8222386225","display_name":"NIH Director's Pioneer Award","funder_award_id":"DP1OD000370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2097755438","display_name":"Google.org","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319546","display_name":"Skoll Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg1c033"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332186","display_name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04tz64554"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336045","display_name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00aps1a34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2012709249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2012709249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560144102","https://openalex.org/W1597858674","https://openalex.org/W1965610165","https://openalex.org/W1974464383","https://openalex.org/W1977300462","https://openalex.org/W1979944332","https://openalex.org/W1989739729","https://openalex.org/W1994286026","https://openalex.org/W2003428955","https://openalex.org/W2004506270","https://openalex.org/W2016674411","https://openalex.org/W2028850957","https://openalex.org/W2029727336","https://openalex.org/W2041735030","https://openalex.org/W2062034882","https://openalex.org/W2063907600","https://openalex.org/W2078145079","https://openalex.org/W2082766572","https://openalex.org/W2088267428","https://openalex.org/W2091679945","https://openalex.org/W2096347191","https://openalex.org/W2096690315","https://openalex.org/W2097585709","https://openalex.org/W2097710336","https://openalex.org/W2099464974","https://openalex.org/W2099536639","https://openalex.org/W2099656914","https://openalex.org/W2099758818","https://openalex.org/W2102111685","https://openalex.org/W2103088017","https://openalex.org/W2104878638","https://openalex.org/W2106927931","https://openalex.org/W2110309669","https://openalex.org/W2110538282","https://openalex.org/W2111300387","https://openalex.org/W2111996375","https://openalex.org/W2114072477","https://openalex.org/W2114429945","https://openalex.org/W2117681388","https://openalex.org/W2122987848","https://openalex.org/W2123456471","https://openalex.org/W2127185476","https://openalex.org/W2129356995","https://openalex.org/W2130362098","https://openalex.org/W2136564373","https://openalex.org/W2142172776","https://openalex.org/W2142657851","https://openalex.org/W2144837305","https://openalex.org/W2146602601","https://openalex.org/W2159058176","https://openalex.org/W2159505687","https://openalex.org/W2160938885","https://openalex.org/W2162445884","https://openalex.org/W2166959492","https://openalex.org/W2333452860","https://openalex.org/W3143281063","https://openalex.org/W3199943451","https://openalex.org/W4299418710","https://openalex.org/W4301522794","https://openalex.org/W6800717233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099113223","https://openalex.org/W2041735030","https://openalex.org/W2608666378","https://openalex.org/W2016674411","https://openalex.org/W2127185476","https://openalex.org/W2097710336","https://openalex.org/W2262773765","https://openalex.org/W1497912793","https://openalex.org/W7099273753","https://openalex.org/W2144837305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"HCV":[0,52],"genotype":[1,31,69,89,100,138],"4":[2,70,90,101],"is":[3,11],"prevalent":[4],"in":[5,58,103,125],"many":[6],"African":[7],"countries,":[8],"yet":[9],"little":[10],"known":[12],"about":[13],"the":[14,19,27,35,40,44,55,88,123,130,133],"genotype\u05f3s":[15],"epidemic":[16,124],"history":[17],"on":[18,129],"continent.":[20],"We":[21,79,97,127],"present":[22],"a":[23],"comprehensive":[24],"study":[25],"of":[26,30,37,43,132,137],"molecular":[28],"epidemiology":[29],"4.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"deficit":[36],"data":[38],"from":[39,54],"Democratic":[41],"Republic":[42],"Congo":[45],"(DRC)":[46],"we":[47],"PCR":[48],"amplified":[49],"60":[50],"new":[51],"isolates":[53],"DRC,":[56],"resulting":[57],"33":[59],"core-":[60],"and":[61,85,106],"48":[62],"NS5B-region":[63],"sequences.":[64],"Our":[65],"data,":[66],"together":[67],"with":[68],"database":[71],"sequences,":[72],"were":[73],"analysed":[74],"using":[75],"Bayesian":[76],"phylogenetic":[77],"approaches.":[78],"find":[80],"three":[81],"well-supported":[82],"intra-genotypic":[83],"lineages":[84,109],"estimate":[86],"that":[87,99,107],"common":[91],"ancestor":[92],"existed":[93],"around":[94],"1733":[95],"(1650-1805).":[96],"show":[98],"originated":[102],"central":[104],"Africa":[105,115],"multiple":[108],"have":[110],"been":[111],"exported":[112],"to":[113],"north":[114],"since":[116],"~1850,":[117],"including":[118,140],"subtype":[119],"4a":[120],"which":[121],"dominates":[122],"Egypt.":[126],"speculate":[128],"causes":[131],"historical":[134],"intra-continental":[135],"spread":[136],"4,":[139],"population":[141],"movements":[142],"during":[143],"World":[144],"War":[145],"2.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
