{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012608142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","title":"Grain refinement in beta-solidifying Ti44Al8Nb1B","display_name":"Grain refinement in beta-solidifying Ti44Al8Nb1B","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012608142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","mag":"2012608142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38855548","display_name":"Intermetallics","issn_l":"0966-9795","issn":["0966-9795","1879-0216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intermetallics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067915310","display_name":"Da Wei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-2663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-2663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020710693","display_name":"Aijun J. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-2168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-2168","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6125-002X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I866009140","display_name":"Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h08p482","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rolls-Royce Plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","Rolls-Royce Plc,#N#Derby DE24 8BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rolls-Royce Plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rolls-Royce Plc,#N#Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056568073","display_name":"Mark J. Dixon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I866009140","display_name":"Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h08p482","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rolls-Royce Plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","Rolls-Royce Plc,#N#Derby DE24 8BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rolls-Royce Plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rolls-Royce Plc,#N#Derby DE24 8BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866009140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074754839","display_name":"U. Hecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-9738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-9738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121009","display_name":"Access","ror":"https://ror.org/02gwe8432","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121009"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Hecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS Materials and Processes, Intzestrasse 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS Materials and Processes, Intzestrasse 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067915310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":2730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2730},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2305,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98872268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11100","display_name":"Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11100","display_name":"Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11442","display_name":"Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11087","display_name":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-aluminide","display_name":"titanium aluminide","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-solidification","display_name":"directional solidification","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boride-precipitates","display_name":"boride precipitates","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha2-phase","display_name":"alpha2 phase","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation-relationship","display_name":"orientation relationship","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-phase","display_name":"beta phase","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776723582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419302","display_name":"Boride","level":2,"score":0.8722156286239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8620598316192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.7141933441162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27805521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326017","display_name":"Electron backscatter diffraction","level":3,"score":0.6065723896026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5375779271125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.48952969908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.480338454246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.45014503598213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830842","display_name":"BETA (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43151402473449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.2031278908252716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13619917631149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07777315378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38855548","display_name":"Intermetallics","issn_l":"0966-9795","issn":["0966-9795","1879-0216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intermetallics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:187044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/187044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Intermetallics 23, 49-56 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/66ae540a-bc9f-4f67-b493-fa2f213bc027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/grain-refinement-in-betasolidifying-ti44al8nb1b(66ae540a-bc9f-4f67-b493-fa2f213bc027).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hu, D, Yang, C, Huang, A, Dixon, M & Hecht, U 2012, 'Grain refinement in beta-solidifying Ti44Al8Nb1B', Intermetallics, vol. 23, pp. 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.12.022","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7095476643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H500367/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965177368","https://openalex.org/W1967091917","https://openalex.org/W1967348466","https://openalex.org/W1974561790","https://openalex.org/W1977419775","https://openalex.org/W1992787990","https://openalex.org/W2003980491","https://openalex.org/W2010936099","https://openalex.org/W2017681594","https://openalex.org/W2022243108","https://openalex.org/W2032153690","https://openalex.org/W2037382101","https://openalex.org/W2065083912","https://openalex.org/W2072642280","https://openalex.org/W2077073709","https://openalex.org/W2086170458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461754875","https://openalex.org/W2038080062","https://openalex.org/W2467787427","https://openalex.org/W986421643","https://openalex.org/W2321404138","https://openalex.org/W2305072774","https://openalex.org/W2416108297","https://openalex.org/W1970315261","https://openalex.org/W3047732266","https://openalex.org/W2079245929"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}