{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012587353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6060-T6 Tubes","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6060-T6 Tubes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012587353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","mag":"2012587353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079605198","display_name":"Gianluca Danilo D\u2019Urso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3525-5869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3525-5869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca D'Urso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074047579","display_name":"Michela Longo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-4980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-4980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michela Longo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030759518","display_name":"Claudio Giardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-7951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-7951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Giardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bergamo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78989681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"554-557","issue":null,"first_page":"977","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12581","display_name":"Engineering Structural Analysis Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-stir-welding","display_name":"friction stir welding","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-tubes","display_name":"aluminum tubes","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumferential-welding","display_name":"circumferential welding","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-microstructure","display_name":"weld microstructure","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-quality","display_name":"weld quality","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-rate","display_name":"feed rate","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-speed","display_name":"rotational speed","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandrel-design","display_name":"mandrel design","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness","display_name":"microhardness","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weldability","display_name":"weldability","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.863817036151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7716450691223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40367268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068127","display_name":"Friction stir welding","level":3,"score":0.6988980770111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169312260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1585171","display_name":"Fusion welding","level":3,"score":0.6895747184753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62352918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q588936","display_name":"Friction welding","level":3,"score":0.604232668876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777918083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136706","display_name":"Mandrel","level":2,"score":0.5137680768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44273521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968702","display_name":"Electric resistance welding","level":3,"score":0.5001294612884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.47560223937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146868986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137729","display_name":"Heat-affected zone","level":3,"score":0.44948986172676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88504338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340805","display_name":"Weldability","level":3,"score":0.44428691267967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4370272159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.429411381483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.41780054569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3623828589916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12485110759735107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/29827","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10446/29827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1031361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1031361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972182711","https://openalex.org/W1976096819","https://openalex.org/W1983187854","https://openalex.org/W2032916310","https://openalex.org/W2042984721","https://openalex.org/W2074611969","https://openalex.org/W2075878134","https://openalex.org/W4233418427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095711120","https://openalex.org/W7101023891","https://openalex.org/W2808315084","https://openalex.org/W2018952376","https://openalex.org/W2802656463","https://openalex.org/W2574308124","https://openalex.org/W2505464770","https://openalex.org/W4220668536","https://openalex.org/W2087146144","https://openalex.org/W2917200843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Friction":[0],"stir":[1],"welding":[2,17,42,83,98,115,170,235,246],"(FSW)":[3],"has":[4],"received":[5],"increasing":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,91,103,227],"recent":[9],"years":[10],"thanks":[11],"to":[12,45,81,108,112,122,138,141,186,194,213,229],"its":[13],"advantages":[14],"over":[15],"traditional":[16,82],"processes,":[18],"reducing":[19],"distortion":[20],"and":[21,31,63,71,140,165,189,252,261,276],"eliminating":[22],"solidification":[23],"defects.":[24],"Since":[25],"melting":[26,36],"does":[27],"not":[28],"take":[29],"place":[30],"joining":[32],"occurs":[33],"below":[34],"the":[35,39,92,134,143,166,169,214,217,221,234,245,280],"temperature":[37],"of":[38,106,133,145,150,161,168,202,216,279],"material,":[40,62],"this":[41,96,129],"process":[43,99,171],"allows":[44],"obtain":[46],"a":[47,183,203],"weld":[48,173,267],"characterized":[49,74],"by":[50,75,148,200,243],"very":[51],"high":[52],"quality":[53,268],"with":[54,128],"low":[55],"heat":[56],"input,":[57],"minimal":[58],"distortion,":[59],"no":[60,64],"filler":[61],"fumes.":[65],"FSW":[66,87,151,160],"is":[67,73,88,137],"also":[68,118],"highly":[69],"efficient":[70],"it":[72],"improved":[76],"environmental":[77],"performance":[78],"if":[79,110],"compared":[80,111],"methods.":[84],"For":[85],"instance,":[86],"particularly":[89],"advantageous":[90],"pipeline":[93],"industry":[94],"because":[95],"innovative":[97],"usually":[100],"entails":[101],"reduction":[102],"energy":[104],"usage":[105],"up":[107],"80%":[109],"conventional":[113],"fusion":[114],"processes.":[116],"Moreover,":[117],"alloys":[119],"normally":[120],"difficult":[121],"be":[123,126],"welded":[124,199],"can":[125],"considered":[127],"technique.":[130],"The":[131,153,175,223,266],"objective":[132],"present":[135],"study":[136,142,154],"establish":[139],"weldability":[144],"aluminum":[146,163],"tubes":[147,164,181],"means":[149,201],"process.":[152,236],"shows":[155],"preliminary":[156,238],"results":[157],"on":[158,172,180,272],"circumferential":[159],"AA6060-T6":[162],"influence":[167],"quality.":[174],"experimental":[176],"campaign":[177],"was":[178,211,225,264,270],"performed":[179],"having":[182,258],"thickness":[184],"equal":[185,193],"5":[187],"mm":[188],"an":[190],"external":[191],"diameter":[192],"80":[195],"mm.":[196],"Tubes":[197],"were":[198,240],"four":[204],"axes":[205],"CNC":[206],"machine":[207],"tool.":[208],"Particular":[209],"care":[210],"paid":[212],"fabrication":[215],"inner":[218],"support":[219],"for":[220],"tube.":[222],"mandrel":[224],"designed":[226],"order":[228],"guarantee":[230],"limited":[231],"bending":[232],"during":[233],"Some":[237],"tests":[239],"carried":[241],"out":[242],"varying":[244],"parameters,":[247],"namely":[248],"feed":[249],"rate":[250],"(f)":[251],"rotational":[253],"speed":[254],"(S).":[255],"A":[256],"tool":[257],"conical":[259],"shoulder":[260],"cylindrical":[262],"pin":[263],"used.":[265],"investigation":[269],"based":[271],"tensile":[273],"tests,":[274],"microhardness":[275],"macrostructure":[277],"analysis":[278],"joints.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}