{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012491999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","title":"Problem frames for socio-technical systems: predictability and change","display_name":"Problem frames for socio-technical systems: predictability and change","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012491999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","mag":"2012491999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ic:20040220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\"1st International Workshop on Advances and Applications of Problem Frames (IWAAPF 2004)\" W4S Workshop - 26th International Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046540648","display_name":"John Brier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Brier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046540648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91740176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2004","issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.40720000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.40720000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.2865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.13050000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-frames","display_name":"problem frames","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-systems","display_name":"socio-technical systems","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"predictability","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change","display_name":"change","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-design","display_name":"co-design","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-systems-design","display_name":"complex system design","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7662640810012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6356870532035828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5844277143478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5704951286315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5357612371444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.48471617698669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45854073762893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3610067665576935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13266611099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ic:20040220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\"1st International Workshop on Advances and Applications of Problem Frames (IWAAPF 2004)\" W4S Workshop - 26th International Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:2333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/2333/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196284","display_name":"Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1032366928","https://openalex.org/W1495419098","https://openalex.org/W1985130938","https://openalex.org/W2010954288","https://openalex.org/W2113435553","https://openalex.org/W2808211415","https://openalex.org/W3186861947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249635154","https://openalex.org/W7099178787","https://openalex.org/W7100014996","https://openalex.org/W2076657455","https://openalex.org/W7097844840","https://openalex.org/W6982015411","https://openalex.org/W2312466690","https://openalex.org/W2402801163","https://openalex.org/W2160523081","https://openalex.org/W6922448252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Problem":[0],"frames":[1,42,134,153],"are":[2,67,110],"a":[3,76,92],"widely":[4,17],"accepted":[5,18],"framework":[6],"for":[7],"analysing":[8],"and":[9,31,101,107,144,155],"cataloguing":[10],"software":[11],"problems.":[12],"Their":[13],"foundation":[14,154],"is":[15,26,79,116],"the":[16,21,23,27,34,37,50,64,69,119,136,146],"separation":[19,78],"between":[20],"machine,":[22],"solution":[24],"which":[25,57],"object":[28],"of":[29,52,63,71,94,99,112,123,138,140,150],"design,":[30],"its":[32],"context,":[33],"environment":[35],"where":[36],"problem":[38,41,65,133,152],"exists.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"have":[43],"been":[44],"shown":[45],"to":[46,49,81,96,132],"be":[47],"amenable":[48],"analysis":[51],"complex":[53,141],"socio-technical":[54,142],"problems,":[55],"in":[56,135,148],"social":[58,84,106],"components,":[59],"once":[60],"only":[61],"part":[62],"description,":[66],"now":[68],"subject":[70],"design.":[72],"To":[73],"this":[74,87,128],"end,":[75],"further":[77],"required":[80],"identify":[82],"those":[83],"elements.":[85],"In":[86],"position":[88],"paper":[89],"we":[90],"proposed":[91],"program":[93],"research":[95],"resolve":[97],"issues":[98],"predictability":[100],"change":[102,120],"that":[103],"arise":[104],"when":[105],"technological":[108],"components":[109],"objects":[111],"co-design.":[113],"Our":[114],"work":[115],"inspired":[117],"by":[118],"state":[121],"model":[122,129],"Stacey.":[124],"We":[125],"argue":[126],"how":[127],"may":[130],"apply":[131],"context":[137],"design":[139],"systems,":[143],"discuss":[145],"implications":[147],"terms":[149],"both":[151],"notation.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}