{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012450834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","title":"Effects of affiliation-related motives on swimmers in individual versus group competition: A field experiment.","display_name":"Effects of affiliation-related motives on swimmers in individual versus group competition: A field experiment.","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012450834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","mag":"2012450834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104039705","display_name":"Richard M. Sorrentino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Sorrentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["U. Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063652938","display_name":"Blair H. Sheppard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blair H. Sheppard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2266142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"704","last_page":"714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.2498999983072281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/need-for-affiliation","display_name":"need for affiliation","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-competition","display_name":"group competition","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-competition","display_name":"individual competition","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swimmers","display_name":"swimmers","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-psychology","display_name":"sport psychology","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity","display_name":"social identity","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8453494310379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6858339309692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6730166673660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5102589130401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4272478222846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.7.704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W269031666","https://openalex.org/W589343812","https://openalex.org/W648996536","https://openalex.org/W1522816386","https://openalex.org/W1561527249","https://openalex.org/W1643020152","https://openalex.org/W1966875271","https://openalex.org/W1973037299","https://openalex.org/W1974975426","https://openalex.org/W1977369713","https://openalex.org/W1989314580","https://openalex.org/W2006626858","https://openalex.org/W2012434039","https://openalex.org/W2014122582","https://openalex.org/W2024162961","https://openalex.org/W2025791817","https://openalex.org/W2037014942","https://openalex.org/W2039050929","https://openalex.org/W2047897634","https://openalex.org/W2051230126","https://openalex.org/W2072130755","https://openalex.org/W2109455651","https://openalex.org/W2798627412","https://openalex.org/W3121463447","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586737960","https://openalex.org/W6903041351","https://openalex.org/W164703812","https://openalex.org/W2102621327","https://openalex.org/W2083082480","https://openalex.org/W133901545","https://openalex.org/W7099630243","https://openalex.org/W1559979984","https://openalex.org/W15980023","https://openalex.org/W1708345212"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}