{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012425858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","title":"Assessing the Relationship between Computational Speed and Precision","display_name":"Assessing the Relationship between Computational Speed and Precision","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012425858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","mag":"2012425858","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20524723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43019230","display_name":"PharmacoEconomics","issn_l":"1170-7690","issn":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320330","host_organization_name":"Adis, Springer Healthcare","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320330","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Adis, Springer Healthcare","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074572540","display_name":"Phil C. McEwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-9058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-9058"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phil McEwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007186254","display_name":"Klas Bergenheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-8477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-8477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105036370","display_name":"AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105036370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143795","display_name":"AstraZeneca (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwrrg31","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105036370","https://openalex.org/I4210143795"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klas Bergenheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden","AstraZeneca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AstraZeneca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105036370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010376603","display_name":"Yong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-1965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-1965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091812","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091812"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Jersey, USA","BRISTOL MYERS-SQUIBB"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRISTOL MYERS-SQUIBB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026119067","display_name":"AP Tetlow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony P. Tetlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Eastgate House, 35-43 Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 0AB, UK","Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Eastgate House, 35-43 Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 0AB, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075024207","display_name":"Jason P. Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-742X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-742X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason P. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Eastgate House, 35-43 Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 0AB, UK","Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd, Eastgate House, 35-43 Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 0AB, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Research Consortium Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074572540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93671515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"665","last_page":"674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13286","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation Systems","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-speed","display_name":"computational speed","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-precision","display_name":"simulation precision","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"variance reduction","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antithetic-variates","display_name":"antithetic variates","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c","display_name":"C++","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-basic-for-applications","display_name":"Visual Basic for Applications","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"quality-adjusted life years","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-modeling","display_name":"economic modeling","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time-reduction","display_name":"execution time reduction","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"sensitivity analysis","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15749950","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","level":3,"score":0.7955408096313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.7172878980636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.6786608695983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5126189589500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4703037142753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3702516555786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31711313128471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30074918270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08737057447433472}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016248","descriptor_name":"Computer Storage Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017048","descriptor_name":"Health Care Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017850","descriptor_name":"Economics, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018803","descriptor_name":"Models, Economic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43019230","display_name":"PharmacoEconomics","issn_l":"1170-7690","issn":["1170-7690","1179-2027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320330","host_organization_name":"Adis, Springer Healthcare","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320330","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Adis, Springer Healthcare","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20524723","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20524723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PharmacoEconomics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/66439","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.2165/11535350-000000000-00000","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481790705","https://openalex.org/W1512342490","https://openalex.org/W1602773783","https://openalex.org/W1686974072","https://openalex.org/W2007090126","https://openalex.org/W2013105324","https://openalex.org/W2020400420","https://openalex.org/W2056516403","https://openalex.org/W2062638219","https://openalex.org/W2067307846","https://openalex.org/W2068943402","https://openalex.org/W2074677667","https://openalex.org/W2088512258","https://openalex.org/W2111483756","https://openalex.org/W2116065550","https://openalex.org/W2117837102","https://openalex.org/W2126252058","https://openalex.org/W2147632348","https://openalex.org/W2150933235","https://openalex.org/W2156197414","https://openalex.org/W2156736410","https://openalex.org/W2271136532","https://openalex.org/W4213289640","https://openalex.org/W4236501586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000324995","https://openalex.org/W2048943555","https://openalex.org/W2113589076","https://openalex.org/W2144360395","https://openalex.org/W2068964520","https://openalex.org/W2059459915","https://openalex.org/W2995044026","https://openalex.org/W4380149209","https://openalex.org/W2481841119","https://openalex.org/W2892001804"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}