{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012416622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","title":"Essential Role for Cholesterol in Entry of Mycobacteria into Macrophages","display_name":"Essential Role for Cholesterol in Entry of Mycobacteria into Macrophages","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012416622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","mag":"2012416622","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10834844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-ep3417","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079713627","display_name":"John Gatfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-8500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-8500"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gatfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044213528","display_name":"Jean Pieters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-9757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-9757"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean Pieters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044213528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.0903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":616,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99765407,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"288","issue":"5471","first_page":"1647","last_page":"1651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13736","display_name":"Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11618","display_name":"Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacteria","display_name":"mycobacteria","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol","display_name":"cholesterol","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-internalization","display_name":"bacterial internalization","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-membrane-cholesterol","display_name":"plasma membrane cholesterol","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagosome","display_name":"phagosome","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacos","display_name":"tacos","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagosome-lysosome-fusion","display_name":"phagosome-lysosome fusion","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-survival","display_name":"intracellular survival","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-pathogen-interaction","display_name":"host-pathogen interaction","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161478664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901955","display_name":"Phagosome","level":3,"score":0.7731006145477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.717106282711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6762316226959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.6669714450836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780374374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194309","display_name":"Mycobacterium","level":3,"score":0.5823681354522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.5711883306503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5167926549911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3529208302497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3388311266899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33252882957458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25377848744392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.08395123481750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002465","descriptor_name":"Cell Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008560","descriptor_name":"Membrane Fluidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008840","descriptor_name":"Microfilament Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010588","descriptor_name":"Phagosomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010588","descriptor_name":"Phagosomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014176","descriptor_name":"Protein Biosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016177","descriptor_name":"Macrophage-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016177","descriptor_name":"Macrophage-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10834844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10834844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.unibas.ch:3417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.unibas.ch/3417/1/20120113092138_4f0fe992a59c4.pdf","pdf_url":"http://edoc.unibas.ch/3417/1/20120113092138_4f0fe992a59c4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401836","display_name":"edoc (University of Basel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","host_organization_name":"University of Basel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.5451/unibas-ep3417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-ep3417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-ep3417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401836","display_name":"edoc (University of Basel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","host_organization_name":"University of Basel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5451/unibas-ep3417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-ep3417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-ep3417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401836","display_name":"edoc (University of Basel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","host_organization_name":"University of Basel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93578376","https://openalex.org/W1879047861","https://openalex.org/W1946912519","https://openalex.org/W2001861405","https://openalex.org/W2009862212","https://openalex.org/W2042787593","https://openalex.org/W2044161135","https://openalex.org/W2056681274","https://openalex.org/W2063576137","https://openalex.org/W2067073014","https://openalex.org/W2082476464","https://openalex.org/W2083227510","https://openalex.org/W2083559906","https://openalex.org/W2091331258","https://openalex.org/W2105935306","https://openalex.org/W2121936687","https://openalex.org/W2140981202","https://openalex.org/W2146080302","https://openalex.org/W2148389144","https://openalex.org/W2150142144","https://openalex.org/W2151503502","https://openalex.org/W2154578380","https://openalex.org/W2158023121","https://openalex.org/W2164711205","https://openalex.org/W2171498110","https://openalex.org/W2412612657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101034945","https://openalex.org/W2015347323","https://openalex.org/W427882614","https://openalex.org/W2028121061","https://openalex.org/W2047341441","https://openalex.org/W2513952059","https://openalex.org/W4399189882","https://openalex.org/W4213358220","https://openalex.org/W2038928027","https://openalex.org/W2084440185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mycobacteria":[0],"are":[1,26],"intracellular":[2,95],"pathogens":[3],"that":[4,33,71],"can":[5],"invade":[6],"and":[7,51],"survive":[8],"within":[9],"host":[10,81],"macrophages,":[11],"thereby":[12],"creating":[13],"a":[14,68],"major":[15],"health":[16],"problem":[17],"worldwide.":[18],"The":[19],"molecular":[20],"mechanisms":[21],"involved":[22],"in":[23,76,97],"mycobacterial":[24,49,58],"entry":[25],"still":[27],"poorly":[28],"characterized.":[29],"Here":[30],"we":[31],"report":[32],"cholesterol":[34,55],"is":[35],"essential":[36],"for":[37],"uptake":[38],"of":[39,48,66,74,86],"mycobacteria":[40,75,90],"by":[41,79],"macrophages.":[42],"Cholesterol":[43,60],"accumulated":[44],"at":[45,83],"the":[46,63,87],"site":[47],"entry,":[50],"depleting":[52],"plasma":[53,88],"membrane":[54],"specifically":[56],"inhibited":[57],"uptake.":[59],"also":[61],"mediated":[62],"phagosomal":[64],"association":[65],"TACO,":[67],"coat":[69],"protein":[70],"prevents":[72],"degradation":[73],"lysosomes.":[77],"Thus,":[78],"entering":[80],"cells":[82],"cholesterol-rich":[84],"domains":[85],"membrane,":[89],"may":[91],"ensure":[92],"their":[93],"subsequent":[94],"survival":[96],"TACO-coated":[98],"phagosomes.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}