{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012414985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","title":"Clustering of Disfluencies in the Speech of Stuttering and Nonstuttering Preschool Children","display_name":"Clustering of Disfluencies in the Speech of Stuttering and Nonstuttering Preschool Children","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012414985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","mag":"2012414985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3294506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3102.228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069523353","display_name":"Carol P. Hubbard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol P. Hubbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053534812","display_name":"Ehud Yairi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Yairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86804405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"228","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuttering","display_name":"stuttering","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-disfluency","display_name":"disfluency","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"speech production","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186676","display_name":"Stuttering","level":2,"score":0.9465373754501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6397213339805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.534125804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.46146777272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2454347312450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.24417516589164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12321797013282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013342","descriptor_name":"Stuttering","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshr.3102.228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3102.228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110744938","display_name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","issn_l":"1092-4388","issn":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3294506","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3294506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of speech and hearing research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980650743","https://openalex.org/W2083432812","https://openalex.org/W2062710825","https://openalex.org/W2102888882","https://openalex.org/W2025126683","https://openalex.org/W2073335076","https://openalex.org/W2094492919","https://openalex.org/W1997269903","https://openalex.org/W2990995390","https://openalex.org/W2122803484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cluster":[0],"formation":[1],"in":[2,61,74,100],"speech":[3,102],"disfluencies":[4,32,58,60,72],"of":[5,14,28,53,56,90,98,103,111],"15":[6],"preschool":[7],"stuttering":[8],"children":[9],"and":[10,20,59],"an":[11],"equal":[12],"number":[13],"nonstuttering":[15,113],"control":[16],"subjects":[17],"was":[18,23,48],"studied":[19],"compared.":[21],"Clustering":[22],"defined":[24],"as":[25,93,95],"the":[26,34,44,96,101,104,112],"occurrence":[27],"two":[29],"or":[30,36],"more":[31,76],"on":[33,43],"same":[35],"adjacent":[37],"words.":[38],"A":[39],"computer":[40],"program,":[41],"based":[42],"Monte":[45],"Carlo":[46],"method,":[47],"used":[49],"to":[50,66],"generate":[51],"sets":[52],"expected":[54,82],"numbers":[55],"single":[57],"various":[62],"cluster":[63],"sizes":[64],"according":[65],"simulation":[67],"models.":[68],"Results":[69],"indicate":[70],"that":[71],"occurred":[73],"clusters":[75],"often":[77],"than":[78,109],"could":[79],"have":[80],"been":[81],"by":[83],"chance":[84],"for":[85],"both":[86],"groups.":[87],"The":[88],"proportions":[89],"clustered":[91],"disfluencies,":[92],"well":[94],"size":[97],"clusters,":[99],"stutterers":[105],"were":[106],"significantly":[107],"greater":[108],"those":[110],"subjects.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
