{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012398769","doi":null,"title":"Tobacco smoking contributes little to facial wrinkling.","display_name":"Tobacco smoking contributes little to facial wrinkling.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012398769","mag":"2012398769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10343942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073142108","display_name":"Patricia M. O'Hare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M O'Hare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089682153","display_name":"Alan B. Fleischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-3352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-3352"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A B Fleischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027561648","display_name":"Ralph B. D\u2019Agostino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-8395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-8395","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0046"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R B D'Agostino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006964107","display_name":"Steven R. Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-6289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-6289"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S R Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M A Hinds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A Hinds","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089621389","display_name":"Sheila A. Rassette","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S A Rassette","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026470121","display_name":"Amy J. McMichael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-2181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-2181"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A J McMichael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077987298","display_name":"Phillip M. Williford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M Williford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67882518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"133","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.41110000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11322","display_name":"Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoaging","display_name":"photoaging","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposure","display_name":"sun exposure","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-work","display_name":"outdoor work","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen-use","display_name":"sunscreen use","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanning-beds","display_name":"tanning beds","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pack-years","display_name":"pack-years","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding-factors","display_name":"confounding factors","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9176441431045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.7693703770637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5613427758216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.5182397365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.45845240354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019190695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Tobacco use","level":3,"score":0.44855767488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.44738203287124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.44556206464767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.22023874521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.20364797115325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17138180136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1057436466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10524123907089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005127","descriptor_name":"Eye Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008548","descriptor_name":"Melanosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015595","descriptor_name":"Skin Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015986","descriptor_name":"Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016037","descriptor_name":"Single-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10343942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2012398769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967289982","https://openalex.org/W1972624350","https://openalex.org/W1974398142","https://openalex.org/W1994679336","https://openalex.org/W2017327410","https://openalex.org/W2030013168","https://openalex.org/W2031017058","https://openalex.org/W2038175883","https://openalex.org/W2038337632","https://openalex.org/W2039096381","https://openalex.org/W2046258570","https://openalex.org/W2046552265","https://openalex.org/W2047005123","https://openalex.org/W2083187257","https://openalex.org/W2090612962","https://openalex.org/W2092673668","https://openalex.org/W2154957444","https://openalex.org/W2166037877","https://openalex.org/W2413048264","https://openalex.org/W4236474076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972624350","https://openalex.org/W2038337632","https://openalex.org/W7099589667","https://openalex.org/W2052122640","https://openalex.org/W1994679336","https://openalex.org/W2090612962","https://openalex.org/W3132357845","https://openalex.org/W2014517297","https://openalex.org/W2068840391","https://openalex.org/W7100759090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,211],"potential":[2,33],"detrimental":[3],"effects":[4],"of":[5,32,113,142,155,181,208,234,251,282],"tobacco":[6,61,292],"smoking":[7,13,174,227,293],"have":[8,24],"been":[9,15],"widely":[10],"cited.":[11],"Tobacco":[12],"has":[14],"linked":[16],"with":[17,60],"facial":[18,54,275],"wrinkling,":[19,159,276,296],"but":[20,277],"some":[21],"previous":[22],"studies":[23],"failed":[25],"to":[26,41,48,92,101,107,274],"take":[27],"into":[28],"account":[29],"a":[30,89,121,137,289,300],"number":[31],"confounders":[34],"or":[35,165],"were":[36,84],"unblinded":[37],"and":[38,77,96,116,160,191,263],"thus":[39],"subjective":[40],"bias.":[42],"OBJECTIVE:":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"was":[46,52,130,200],"designed":[47,91],"determine":[49],"if":[50],"there":[51,287],"increased":[53],"wrinkling":[55,119],"in":[56,158,214,294],"smokers":[57,71],"directly":[58],"associated":[59],"usage":[62],"after":[63],"controlling":[64],"for":[65,150,206,279,291],"solar":[66],"risk":[67],"behavior.":[68],"SUBJECTS:":[69],"Eighty-two":[70],"(>":[72],"10":[73],"cigarettes":[74],"per":[75],"day)":[76],"118":[78],"non-smokers":[79],"(<":[80],"100":[81,122],"lifetime":[82,252],"cigarettes)":[83],"recruited.":[85],"Caucasian":[86],"participants":[87],"completed":[88],"questionnaire":[90],"assess":[93],"demographic":[94,108],"variables":[95,134,162,213],"other":[97],"suspected":[98],"factors":[99],"related":[100],"wrinkling.":[102],"METHODS:":[103],"Three":[104],"dermatologists,":[105],"blinded":[106],"information,":[109],"reviewed":[110],"three":[111],"photographs":[112],"each":[114],"subject":[115],"rated":[117],"the":[118,147,156,209,215,283],"on":[120,132],"mm":[123],"visual":[124],"analog":[125],"scale.":[126],"Stepwise":[127],"linear":[128],"regression":[129],"performed":[131],"all":[133],"which":[135,204],"attained":[136],"P":[138],"<":[139,164,219],"0.1":[140],"level":[141],"independent":[143],"significance.":[144],"RESULTS:":[145],"Overall":[146],"model":[148,199,217],"accounted":[149,205],"75.4%":[151],"(P":[152,163,218],"=":[153,166,172,178,185,189,195,225,231,238,243,248,255,261,267],"0.0001)":[154],"variance":[157],"predictive":[161,212],"0.02)":[167],"included":[168,221],"age":[169,203],"(partial":[170,223],"R2":[171,224],"0.69),":[173],"pack":[175,228],"years":[176,229],"(R2":[177,184,188,194,230,237,242,247,254,260,266],"0.04),":[179],"hours":[180,233,250],"outdoor":[182,235],"work":[183,236],"0.008),":[186],"freckling":[187],"0.007),":[190],"eye":[192],"color":[193],"0.004).":[196],"A":[197],"second":[198,216],"created":[201],"excluding":[202],"37.8%":[207],"variance.":[210,285],"0.08)":[220],"education":[222],"0.08),":[226],"0.05),":[232],"0.03),":[239,256],"weight":[240],"change":[241],"0.02),":[244,249],"female":[245],"sex":[246],"sun":[253],"tanning":[257],"bed":[258],"use":[259,265],"0.01),":[262],"sunscreen":[264],"0.02).":[268],"CONCLUSIONS:":[269],"Smoking":[270],"may":[271],"significantly":[272],"contribute":[273],"accounts":[278],"only":[280],"6%":[281],"explained":[284],"If":[286],"is":[288,299],"role":[290,298],"causing":[295],"this":[297],"minor":[301],"one.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
