{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012394638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","title":"Automatic Vehicle Location: Implementation, Application, and Benefits in the United Kingdom","display_name":"Automatic Vehicle Location: Implementation, Application, and Benefits in the United Kingdom","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012394638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","mag":"2012394638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3141/1618-19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110682456","display_name":"Nick B. Hounsell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Hounsell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053304030","display_name":"Fraser N. McLeod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-9342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-9342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fraser McLeod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51479686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1618","issue":"1","first_page":"155","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Logistics","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-vehicle-location","display_name":"automatic vehicle location","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport-operations","display_name":"transit operations","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-fleet-management","display_name":"bus fleet management","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-passenger-information","display_name":"real-time passenger information","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/london","display_name":"London","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southampton","display_name":"Southampton","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-attitudes","display_name":"passenger attitudes","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779700847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775594","display_name":"Countdown","level":2,"score":0.8654330372810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4383682","display_name":"Headway","level":2,"score":0.6681045889854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6453355550765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202176563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527484","display_name":"Automatic vehicle location","level":3,"score":0.6445972323417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.621568500995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6039352416992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6024026870727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780142462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001227","display_name":"Bus priority","level":3,"score":0.6000998020172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4928727149963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778492718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1608217","display_name":"Passenger information","level":3,"score":0.49255165457725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43049126863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779697334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878855","display_name":"Bus rapid transit","level":3,"score":0.4282737970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89074322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485669","display_name":"Telematics","level":2,"score":0.4240432381629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3886354863643646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34726664423942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33012714982032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.16126900911331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3141/1618-19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:74655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/74655/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103098228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326861308","https://openalex.org/W630185440","https://openalex.org/W2027367656","https://openalex.org/W2570052401","https://openalex.org/W397175686","https://openalex.org/W563712246","https://openalex.org/W619480803","https://openalex.org/W2008435916","https://openalex.org/W1999878905","https://openalex.org/W7097893068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"vehicle":[1],"location":[2],"(AVL)":[3],"is":[4,56,73,151,216],"playing":[5],"an":[6],"increasingly":[7],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,14,49,58,62,66,108,129,143,175,178],"public":[11,54],"transport":[12,55],"operations":[13],"the":[15,29,50,91,103,171,236],"United":[16,51],"Kingdom,":[17],"providing":[18],"support":[19],"for":[20,31,53,95,136,145,170,202,238,241],"real-time":[21,96],"management":[22],"and":[23,28,39,44,68,85,105,110,124,160,204],"control":[24,246],"of":[25,47,76,82,90,93,141,157,166,173,196,224],"bus":[26,40,100,146],"fleets":[27],"platform":[30],"other":[32],"beneficial":[33],"functions":[34],"including":[35,121,153],"passenger":[36,97,122],"information":[37,98],"systems":[38,84,107],"priority.":[41],"The":[42,139,232],"current":[43,212],"emerging":[45],"use":[46,72,92,140,172],"AVL":[48,83,94,142,174,187],"Kingdom":[52],"considered":[57],"this":[59,176,225],"paper,":[60],"focusing":[61],"particular":[63],"on":[64],"developments":[65],"London":[67,109,179],"Southampton":[69],"where":[70,214,248],"substantial":[71],"being":[74],"made":[75],"AVL.":[77],"Following":[78],"a":[79,154,167],"summary":[80],"description":[81],"technologies,":[86],"examples":[87],"are":[88,115,180,230,252],"presented":[89],"at":[99,148],"stops,":[101],"particularly":[102,240],"COUNTDOWN":[104],"STOPWATCH":[106],"Southampton,":[111],"respectively.":[112],"Technical":[113],"aspects":[114],"described":[116],"together":[117],"with":[118,193,211,235,244],"evaluation":[119],"results":[120,128],"attitudes":[123],"financial":[125],"criteria.":[126],"Positive":[127],"both":[130],"cities":[131],"have":[132,163],"led":[133],"to":[134,188,207,219,228],"commitments":[135],"citywide":[137],"implementations.":[138],"applications":[144],"priority":[147,197,215],"traffic":[149,245],"signals":[150],"described,":[152],"comparative":[155],"review":[156],"different":[158],"architectures":[159],"techniques":[161],"that":[162,185],"emerged.":[164],"Results":[165],"feasibility":[168],"study":[169,183],"context":[177],"presented.":[181],"This":[182],"indicated":[184],"using":[186],"target":[189],"high-occupancy,":[190],"high-headway":[191],"buses":[192,203],"higher":[194],"levels":[195],"could":[198],"provide":[199],"economic":[200],"benefits":[201,251],"passengers":[205],"up":[206],"twice":[208],"those":[209],"achieved":[210],"operations,":[213],"equally":[217],"available":[218],"all":[220],"buses.":[221],"Deployment":[222],"details":[223],"application,":[226],"related":[227],"COUNTDOWN,":[229],"described.":[231],"paper":[233],"concludes":[234],"outlook":[237],"AVL,":[239],"greater":[242],"integration":[243],"systems,":[247],"significant":[249],"potential":[250],"outlined.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}