{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012376289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","title":"The Light Buffer: A Shadow-Testing Accelerator","display_name":"The Light Buffer: A Shadow-Testing Accelerator","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012376289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","mag":"2012376289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000490773","display_name":"Eric Haines","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Haines","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA","Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074549097","display_name":"Donald P. Greenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0626-5020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0626-5020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Greenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA","Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9575234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"9","first_page":"6","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"ray tracing","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorealistic-image-generation","display_name":"realistic image synthesis","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering-acceleration","display_name":"rendering acceleration","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-optimization","display_name":"performance optimization","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8333779573440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7293182015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6186656951904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5776435732841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5741821527481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5589740872383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5529122352600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.523379921913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.4829794466495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82744980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951513","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","level":3,"score":0.4284442663192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.4228828251361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4089367985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36134278774261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.28306686878204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2639751732349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18763118982315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1986.276832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cumincad.architexturez.net:9051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cumincad.architexturez.net//doc/oai-cumincadworks-id-d37c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064271","display_name":"Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cumincad.architexturez.net:9052","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cumincad.architexturez.net//doc/oai-cumincadworks-id-e65f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064271","display_name":"Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2187743863","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4056983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975470983","https://openalex.org/W1982661771","https://openalex.org/W1994696069","https://openalex.org/W2006428252","https://openalex.org/W2013272707","https://openalex.org/W2015965979","https://openalex.org/W2057600146","https://openalex.org/W2083126079","https://openalex.org/W2083632529","https://openalex.org/W2103531830","https://openalex.org/W2104227581","https://openalex.org/W2111963422","https://openalex.org/W2130882821","https://openalex.org/W2139618623","https://openalex.org/W2150139098","https://openalex.org/W2152130403","https://openalex.org/W2173672816","https://openalex.org/W2177871224","https://openalex.org/W3004666153","https://openalex.org/W4206149401","https://openalex.org/W4239180967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6983175252","https://openalex.org/W167563650","https://openalex.org/W2546192607","https://openalex.org/W2918062522","https://openalex.org/W2082055635","https://openalex.org/W2378874584","https://openalex.org/W2021207945","https://openalex.org/W2034508527","https://openalex.org/W2047839002","https://openalex.org/W7096308136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"one":[1],"area":[2],"of":[3,21,46,81,108,120,127,140],"computer":[4],"graphics,":[5],"realistic":[6],"image":[7],"synthesis,":[8],"the":[9,84,124,133],"ultimate":[10],"goal":[11],"is":[12],"to":[13,66,88,102,113,137],"produce":[14],"a":[15,19,22,63,105],"picture":[16],"indistinguishable":[17],"from":[18,51],"photograph":[20],"real":[23],"environment.":[24],"A":[25],"particularly":[26],"powerful":[27],"technique":[28,75],"for":[29,116],"simulating":[30],"light":[31,78,91,138],"reflection-an":[32],"important":[33],"element":[34],"in":[35],"creating":[36],"this":[37],"realism-is":[38],"called":[39],"ray":[40,72],"tracing.":[41,73],"This":[42,60],"method":[43,65],"produces":[44],"images":[45],"excellent":[47],"quality,":[48],"but":[49],"suffers":[50],"lengthy":[52],"computation":[53],"time":[54,70],"that":[55,110],"limits":[56],"its":[57],"practical":[58],"use.":[59],"article":[61],"presents":[62],"new":[64],"reduce":[67],"shadow":[68,100],"testing":[69,101],"during":[71,99],"The":[74,118,130],"involves":[76],"generating":[77],"buffers,":[79],"each":[80],"which":[82],"partition":[83,94],"environment":[85],"with":[86],"respect":[87],"an":[89],"individual":[90],"source.":[92],"These":[93],"descriptions":[95],"are":[96],"then":[97],"used":[98],"quickly":[103],"determine":[104],"small":[106],"subset":[107],"objects":[109],"may":[111],"have":[112],"be":[114],"tested":[115],"intersection.":[117],"results":[119],"timing":[121],"tests":[122,131],"illustrate":[123],"beneficial":[125],"performance":[126],"these":[128],"techniques.":[129],"compare":[132],"standard":[134],"ray-tracing":[135],"algorithm":[136],"buffers":[139],"varying":[141],"resolution.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}