{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012307993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","title":"A procedure for the automatic determination of hydrophobic cores in protein structures","display_name":"A procedure for the automatic determination of hydrophobic cores in protein structures","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012307993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","mag":"2012307993","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7773181","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2142969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pro.5560040112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156919612","display_name":"Protein Science","issn_l":"0961-8368","issn":["0961-8368","1469-896X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protein Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2142969/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111458722","display_name":"Mark B. Swindells","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284551","display_name":"Protein Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03s31ff24","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283708","https://openalex.org/I4405284551"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark B. Swindells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284551"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111458722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284551"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83027728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"93","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobic-core","display_name":"hydrophobic core","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-structure","display_name":"protein structure","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-structure","display_name":"secondary structure","score":0.972000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204921945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899689","display_name":"Side chain","level":3,"score":0.8586395382881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62614982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904984","display_name":"Protein secondary structure","level":2,"score":0.5926668047904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5660339593887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5324569344520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4876340925693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.48480120301246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47701112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188","display_name":"Protein structure","level":2,"score":0.47359445691108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4601915180683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.4381575584411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.432378888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.41397497057914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.37164247035980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32667073607444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23899167776107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18646934628486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16383934020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15647220611572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12478691339492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09078484773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.08193838596343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000516","descriptor_name":"alpha-Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003580","descriptor_name":"Cytochromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004895","descriptor_name":"Erythrina","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005914","descriptor_name":"Globins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006422","descriptor_name":"Hemerythrin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007136","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010940","descriptor_name":"Plant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010946","descriptor_name":"Plants, Medicinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010970","descriptor_name":"Plastocyanin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014361","descriptor_name":"Trypsin Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016222","descriptor_name":"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016415","descriptor_name":"Sequence Alignment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017433","descriptor_name":"Protein Structure, Secondary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017434","descriptor_name":"Protein Structure, Tertiary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017510","descriptor_name":"Protein Folding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pro.5560040112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156919612","display_name":"Protein Science","issn_l":"0961-8368","issn":["0961-8368","1469-896X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protein Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7773181","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7773181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2142969","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2142969/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protein Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2142969","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2142969/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Protein Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542001620","https://openalex.org/W1565582771","https://openalex.org/W1575036854","https://openalex.org/W1590194625","https://openalex.org/W1965114824","https://openalex.org/W1966041739","https://openalex.org/W1979147581","https://openalex.org/W1985204165","https://openalex.org/W2004360551","https://openalex.org/W2008708467","https://openalex.org/W2011187068","https://openalex.org/W2011495938","https://openalex.org/W2012334384","https://openalex.org/W2013041880","https://openalex.org/W2022058405","https://openalex.org/W2028545463","https://openalex.org/W2033496784","https://openalex.org/W2037514444","https://openalex.org/W2038535661","https://openalex.org/W2040134791","https://openalex.org/W2058987156","https://openalex.org/W2067694850","https://openalex.org/W2068265376","https://openalex.org/W2072290128","https://openalex.org/W2072814963","https://openalex.org/W2076394025","https://openalex.org/W2077235131","https://openalex.org/W2080201001","https://openalex.org/W2085895819","https://openalex.org/W2090393756","https://openalex.org/W2102413985","https://openalex.org/W2108542518","https://openalex.org/W2109703770","https://openalex.org/W2125087906","https://openalex.org/W2142897804","https://openalex.org/W2157165549","https://openalex.org/W2327400762","https://openalex.org/W2788794784","https://openalex.org/W4246356731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038535661","https://openalex.org/W2067086372","https://openalex.org/W2587685943","https://openalex.org/W1965575342","https://openalex.org/W2139442644","https://openalex.org/W2327400762","https://openalex.org/W1985907120","https://openalex.org/W1250319686","https://openalex.org/W2960598447","https://openalex.org/W2172119402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"algorithm":[1,92],"is":[2,85],"described":[3],"for":[4],"automatically":[5],"detecting":[6],"hydrophobic":[7],"cores":[8,103],"in":[9,20,46],"proteins":[10,72],"of":[11,16,71,82,90],"known":[12],"structure.":[13],"Three":[14],"pieces":[15],"information":[17],"are":[18,36,104],"considered":[19,37],"order":[21],"to":[22,38,40,69,86,96,100],"achieve":[23],"this":[24,83],"goal.":[25],"These":[26],"are:":[27],"secondary":[28,48],"structure,":[29],"side-chain":[30],"accessibility,":[31],"and":[32,50],"side-chain-side-chain":[33],"contacts.":[34],"Residues":[35],"contribute":[39],"a":[41,107],"core":[42],"when":[43],"they":[44],"occur":[45],"regular":[47],"structure":[49],"have":[51],"buried":[52],"side":[53],"chains":[54],"that":[55],"form":[56],"predominantly":[57],"nonpolar":[58],"contacts":[59],"with":[60,73],"one":[61],"another.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"describes":[65],"the":[66,88,91,98],"algorithm's":[67],"application":[68],"families":[70],"conserved":[74],"topologies":[75],"but":[76],"low":[77],"sequence":[78],"similarities.":[79],"The":[80],"aim":[81],"investigation":[84],"determine":[87],"efficacy":[89],"as":[93,95],"well":[94],"study":[97],"extent":[99],"which":[101],"similar":[102],"identified":[105],"within":[106],"common":[108],"topology.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}