{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012159037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","title":"Bidirectional grapheme-phoneme activation in a bimodal detection task.","display_name":"Bidirectional grapheme-phoneme activation in a bimodal detection task.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012159037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","mag":"2012159037","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8228844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83831","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008325575","display_name":"Ton Dijkstra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-5866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-5866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ton Dijkstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Catholic U Nijmegen, Nijmegen Inst for Cognition & Information, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic U Nijmegen, Nijmegen Inst for Cognition & Information, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109215823","display_name":"Uli H. Frauenfelder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089003","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/00671me87","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uli H. Frauenfelder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interfaculty Research Unit for Language and Speech, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Max-Planck-Institut fur Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands;","Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, and Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholin-guistik, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interfaculty Research Unit for Language and Speech, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut fur Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, and Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholin-guistik, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001592379","display_name":"Robert Schreuder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089003","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/00671me87","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schreuder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interfaculty Research Unit for Language and Speech, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Max-Planck-Institut fur Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands;","Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, and Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholin-guistik, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interfaculty Research Unit for Language and Speech, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut fur Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, and Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholin-guistik, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90439533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"931","last_page":"950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0364999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme-phoneme-correspondence","display_name":"grapheme-phoneme correspondence","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divided-attention","display_name":"divided attention","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-modal-facilitation","display_name":"cross-modal facilitation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-onset-asynchrony","display_name":"stimulus onset asynchrony","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dutch","display_name":"Dutch language","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.7179036736488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.6318962574005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5640490055084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777747462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617380","display_name":"Stimulus onset asynchrony","level":3,"score":0.549725353717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48790451884269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4308064579963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4296565055847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2906756103038788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.28502047061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2389165759086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.19.5.931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0096-1523.19.5.931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.19.5.931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.19.5.931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8228844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8228844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:83831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0096-1523","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/330511","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/330511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:83831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0096-1523","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:83831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0096-1523","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608038899","https://openalex.org/W762420157","https://openalex.org/W1493250243","https://openalex.org/W1494199959","https://openalex.org/W1519165391","https://openalex.org/W1582594879","https://openalex.org/W1965172606","https://openalex.org/W1966022950","https://openalex.org/W1974244877","https://openalex.org/W1975594172","https://openalex.org/W1983948636","https://openalex.org/W1985608481","https://openalex.org/W1988695600","https://openalex.org/W1989935492","https://openalex.org/W1991485407","https://openalex.org/W2007251230","https://openalex.org/W2007495978","https://openalex.org/W2015579763","https://openalex.org/W2024304567","https://openalex.org/W2025235974","https://openalex.org/W2028099531","https://openalex.org/W2029485978","https://openalex.org/W2029797807","https://openalex.org/W2030831236","https://openalex.org/W2034446030","https://openalex.org/W2041794065","https://openalex.org/W2042664619","https://openalex.org/W2043276172","https://openalex.org/W2043470722","https://openalex.org/W2044091429","https://openalex.org/W2050466266","https://openalex.org/W2053512447","https://openalex.org/W2061895763","https://openalex.org/W2067591528","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2075465654","https://openalex.org/W2076852153","https://openalex.org/W2083595269","https://openalex.org/W2089474474","https://openalex.org/W2090237013","https://openalex.org/W2121798652","https://openalex.org/W2124882796","https://openalex.org/W2135704565","https://openalex.org/W2159682992","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2193933048","https://openalex.org/W2407985783","https://openalex.org/W2477770001","https://openalex.org/W2751379301","https://openalex.org/W2768498986","https://openalex.org/W3128452343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047505526","https://openalex.org/W2193933048","https://openalex.org/W762420157","https://openalex.org/W2082079558","https://openalex.org/W2021096062","https://openalex.org/W2070442251","https://openalex.org/W2034461352","https://openalex.org/W4220993939","https://openalex.org/W2739608702","https://openalex.org/W2017406125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,54],"divided":[1],"attention":[2],"paradigm":[3],"was":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,28],"investigate":[7],"whether":[8],"graphemes":[9],"and":[10,30,44,55,66,84,92,96,106],"phonemes":[11],"can":[12],"mutually":[13],"activate":[14],"or":[15,35,50],"inhibit":[16],"each":[17],"other":[18],"during":[19],"bimodal":[20,36,40,104],"processing.":[21],"In":[22,38],"3":[23],"experiments,":[24],"Dutch":[25],"subjects":[26],"reacted":[27],"visual":[29,43,53,64,83],"auditory":[31,45,56,67,85],"targets":[32,46],"in":[33,58],"single-channel":[34],"stimuli.":[37,86],"some":[39],"conditions,":[41],"the":[42,78],"were":[47,61,74],"nominally":[48],"identical":[49],"redundant":[51],"(e.g.,":[52,63],"/a/);":[57],"others":[59],"they":[60],"not":[62,89],"U":[65],"/a/).":[68],"Temporal":[69],"aspects":[70],"of":[71,82,103],"cross-modal":[72],"activation":[73],"examined":[75],"by":[76],"varying":[77],"stimulus":[79],"onset":[80],"asynchrony":[81],"Cross-modal":[87],"facilitation--but":[88],"inhibition--occurred":[90],"rapidly":[91],"automatically":[93],"between":[94],"phoneme":[95],"grapheme":[97],"representations.":[98],"Implications":[99],"for":[100],"current":[101],"models":[102],"processing":[105],"word":[107],"recognition":[108],"are":[109],"discussed.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}