{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012146767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","title":"Do Psychiatric Patients Fit Their Diagnoses? Patterns of Symptomatology as Described with the Biplot","display_name":"Do Psychiatric Patients Fit Their Diagnoses? Patterns of Symptomatology as Described with the Biplot","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012146767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","mag":"2012146767","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/368291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084529068","display_name":"John S. Strauss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-2864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-2864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOHN S. STRAUSS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109551896","display_name":"K. Ruben Gabriel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. RUBEN GABRIEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018486675","display_name":"Ronald F. Kokes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RONALD F. KOKES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073827804","display_name":"Barry A. Ritzler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BARRY A. RITZLER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053960852","display_name":"AUTUMN VanORD","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AUTUMN VanORD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024223638","display_name":"ELAINE TARANA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ELAINE TARANA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Psychiatric Institute, Box 12A, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. Send reprint requests to Dr. Strauss","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9671848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"167","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.5264000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.5264000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.15549999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.13830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-diagnosis","display_name":"psychiatric diagnosis","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-validity","display_name":"diagnostic validity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-clusters","display_name":"symptom clusters","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biplot","display_name":"biplot","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-syndromes","display_name":"psychiatric syndromes","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mania","display_name":"mania","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotic-depression","display_name":"neurotic depression","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotic-depression","display_name":"psychotic depression","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-reliability","display_name":"diagnostic reliability","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.6745499968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185935","display_name":"Mania","level":4,"score":0.658683180809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118483189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915468","display_name":"Biplot","level":4,"score":0.616572916507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5644914507865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5324503183364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.5142375826835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94612546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540168","display_name":"Neuroticism","level":3,"score":0.5096635818481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4505206346511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994403141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976573","display_name":"Psychiatric diagnosis","level":3,"score":0.4419589936733246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.387376606464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33470454812049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.25265443325042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.2148115634918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0933985710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.07533785700798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000275","descriptor_name":"Adjustment Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197902000-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13566964","display_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","issn_l":"0022-3018","issn":["0022-3018","1539-736X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:368291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/368291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of nervous and mental disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023948739","https://openalex.org/W2411068682","https://openalex.org/W2113197623","https://openalex.org/W2067580032","https://openalex.org/W2081182938","https://openalex.org/W2059706663","https://openalex.org/W2014704338","https://openalex.org/W2001814254","https://openalex.org/W2142803825","https://openalex.org/W1981300682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"of":[1,20,43,49,66,120,130],"psychiatric":[2,70],"diagnosis":[3,160],"have":[4],"been":[5],"regularly":[6],"criticized":[7],"for":[8,23,29,40,69],"their":[9,13],"low":[10],"reliability":[11],"and":[12,46,86],"inability":[14],"to":[15,52,59,138,150],"fit":[16,113],"accurately":[17],"the":[18,27,38,47,78,117,136,141,153,159],"kinds":[19],"patients":[21,45,97,121],"coming":[22],"treatment.":[24],"To":[25],"explore":[26],"reasons":[28],"these":[30,50,101,124],"problems,":[31],"this":[32,57],"study":[33],"utilizes":[34],"a":[35,63,95],"new":[36],"method,":[37],"biplot,":[39],"defining":[41],"groups":[42,51],"similar":[44],"relationships":[48],"key":[53],"symptom":[54,75],"clusters.":[55],"Using":[56],"technique":[58],"analyze":[60],"data":[61],"from":[62,128],"representative":[64],"sample":[65],"first":[67],"admissions":[68],"disorder,":[71],"results":[72],"showed:":[73],"a)":[74],"clusters":[76],"representing":[77],"classical":[79],"diagnostic":[80,115],"categories,":[81,116],"mania,":[82],"schizophrenia,":[83],"neurotic":[84],"depression,":[85,88],"psychotic":[87],"were":[89,98],"readily":[90],"identified;":[91],"b)":[92],"however,":[93],"only":[94],"few":[96],"clustered":[99],"near":[100],"traditional":[102,114],"syndromes.":[103],"These":[104],"findings":[105],"suggest":[106],"that":[107,112,147],"although":[108],"syndromes":[109],"do":[110],"exist":[111],"vast":[118],"majority":[119],"fall":[122],"between":[123],"syndromes,":[125],"having":[126],"characteristics":[127],"several":[129],"them.":[131],"For":[132],"most":[133],"patients,":[134],"forcing":[135],"diagnostician":[137,154],"choose":[139],"among":[140],"categories":[142],"requires":[143],"an":[144],"arbitrary":[145],"decision":[146],"may":[148],"contribute":[149],"dissatisfaction":[151],"in":[152],"who":[155],"recognizes":[156],"how":[157],"misleading":[158],"can":[161],"be.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}