{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012089043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","title":"Realization of the palladium freezing point for thermocouple calibrations","display_name":"Realization of the palladium freezing point for thermocouple calibrations","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012089043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","mag":"2012089043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076733560","display_name":"Y-G Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y-G Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KRISS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KRISS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111515554","display_name":"Kee-Sool Gam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K S Gam","raw_affiliation_strings":["KRISS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KRISS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102849272","display_name":"K. H. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-9538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-9538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K H Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KRISS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KRISS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91043257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"465","last_page":"472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.415800005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocouple-calibration","display_name":"thermocouple calibration","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alumina-crucible","display_name":"alumina crucible","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercooling","display_name":"supercooling","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-history","display_name":"thermal history","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expanded-uncertainty","display_name":"expanded uncertainty","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.8914154171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.7404689788818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165063935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907684","display_name":"International Temperature Scale of 1990","level":3,"score":0.7003933191299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502130503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089","display_name":"Palladium","level":3,"score":0.6883622407913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5846454501152039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992111332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15318","display_name":"Freezing point","level":2,"score":0.4895206689834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43233346939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3293980360031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.2817723751068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.27283021807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.22293829917907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13719391822814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12755247950553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12128946185112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10394686460494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0760229229927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.05687588453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/5/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969344838","https://openalex.org/W1990218722","https://openalex.org/W2010122050","https://openalex.org/W2011570775","https://openalex.org/W2039958254","https://openalex.org/W2060332374","https://openalex.org/W2081646566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944689753","https://openalex.org/W1989335980","https://openalex.org/W2329798449","https://openalex.org/W2094106403","https://openalex.org/W2167396849","https://openalex.org/W2167596950","https://openalex.org/W2549008247","https://openalex.org/W1983529974","https://openalex.org/W2541388618","https://openalex.org/W4283784542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"vertical":[1],"alumina":[2],"palladium":[3],"(Pd)":[4],"freezing-point":[5,117],"cell":[6,118],"was":[7,39,45,96,119],"made":[8],"and":[9,30],"used":[10],"for":[11],"the":[12,21,31,42,48,56,63,75,79,84,88,91,115,126],"calibration":[13],"of":[14,20,34,83,102,108],"noble":[15],"metal":[16],"thermocouples.":[17],"Various":[18],"characteristics":[19],"freezing":[22,35,43,70],"process":[23],"were":[24,71],"investigated":[25],"using":[26],"type":[27,111],"B":[28,112],"thermocouples,":[29],"best":[32],"method":[33],"is":[36,52],"discussed.":[37],"It":[38],"found":[40],"that":[41],"behaviour":[44],"influenced":[46],"by":[47,73],"thermal":[49],"history:":[50],"it":[51],"preferable":[53],"to":[54,121],"freeze":[55],"Pd":[57,116],"melt":[58],"completely":[59],"before":[60],"carrying":[61],"out":[62],"next":[64],"test.":[65],"The":[66,105],"thermocouple":[67,113],"emfs":[68],"during":[69,78],"determined":[72],"calculating":[74],"average":[76],"emf":[77,95],"first":[80],"10":[81],"minutes":[82],"plateau":[85],"just":[86],"after":[87],"depression":[89],"in":[90,114],"supercooling":[92],"curve.":[93],"This":[94],"reproducible":[97],"within":[98],"a":[99,110],"standard":[100],"deviation":[101],"0.1":[103],"\u00b0C.":[104],"expanded":[106],"uncertainty":[107],"calibrating":[109],"estimated":[120],"be":[122],"1.0":[123],"\u00b0C":[124],"at":[125],"95%":[127],"confidence":[128],"level":[129],"(":[130],"k":[131],"=":[132],"2).":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
