{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012074546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","title":"Violence and Today's Youth","display_name":"Violence and Today's Youth","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012074546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","mag":"2012074546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7859042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1602432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2920767","display_name":"The Future of Children","issn_l":"1054-8289","issn":["1054-8289","1550-1558"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315874","host_organization_name":"Princeton School of Public and International Affairs","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315874","https://openalex.org/P4310316273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Princeton School of Public and International Affairs","Princeton University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Future of Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056090641","display_name":"Felton J. Earls","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felton J. Earls","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056090641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98517794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-violence","display_name":"youth violence","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-arrests","display_name":"juvenile arrests","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-detention","display_name":"juvenile detention","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-crime","display_name":"violent crime","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-and-protective-factors","display_name":"risk and protective factors","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-prevention","display_name":"violence prevention","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-justice-reform","display_name":"juvenile justice reform","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-poverty","display_name":"urban poverty","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-coverage-of-violence","display_name":"media coverage of violence","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-violence","display_name":"school violence","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-courts","display_name":"juvenile courts","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5157111287117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.474018394947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4732043147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.46614280343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4635426700115204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4580570161342621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.4107590615749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36508169770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.36435869336128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33886101841926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2816998064517975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09520378708839417}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003416","descriptor_name":"Criminal Law","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1602432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1602432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2920767","display_name":"The Future of Children","issn_l":"1054-8289","issn":["1054-8289","1550-1558"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315874","host_organization_name":"Princeton School of Public and International Affairs","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315874","https://openalex.org/P4310316273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Princeton School of Public and International Affairs","Princeton University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Future of Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7859042","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7859042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Future of children","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32723546","https://openalex.org/W133730877","https://openalex.org/W202537234","https://openalex.org/W338108924","https://openalex.org/W1224456928","https://openalex.org/W1526203154","https://openalex.org/W1594724500","https://openalex.org/W1606306954","https://openalex.org/W1971507453","https://openalex.org/W1983144645","https://openalex.org/W1987387845","https://openalex.org/W2010044501","https://openalex.org/W2051821701","https://openalex.org/W2054836243","https://openalex.org/W2062353283","https://openalex.org/W2073332894","https://openalex.org/W2124393686","https://openalex.org/W2130655607","https://openalex.org/W2156519472","https://openalex.org/W2162542540","https://openalex.org/W2170048932","https://openalex.org/W2171318640","https://openalex.org/W2217396901","https://openalex.org/W2727485176","https://openalex.org/W2730740055","https://openalex.org/W4231687054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515114585","https://openalex.org/W2075611101","https://openalex.org/W7096098644","https://openalex.org/W2802317300","https://openalex.org/W2217049573","https://openalex.org/W111763111","https://openalex.org/W2123437014","https://openalex.org/W1479909079","https://openalex.org/W1989758074","https://openalex.org/W3006048120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,244],"violent":[1,58,126,140,160,189,238],"behavior":[2,141,161],"of":[3,11,31,35,42,46,53,66,81,119,131,139,171,180,184,203,209,263,273,284,303,317,324,328],"adolescents":[4,120,264],"in":[5,37,105,124,163,236,240,326,331],"our":[6,282],"society":[7],"is":[8,84],"a":[9,114,269,301,315],"topic":[10],"enormous":[12],"interest":[13],"and":[14,18,24,50,147,150,153,223,242,260,334],"concern,":[15],"limited":[16],"data":[17],"knowledge,":[19],"and,":[20,162],"unfortunately,":[21],"substantial":[22],"misinformation":[23],"distortion.":[25],"In":[26,111],"1990,":[27],"some":[28],"16.3%":[29],"(1,749,343)":[30],"the":[32,38,78,88,96,101,136,169,201,210,311,322,336],"total":[33],"number":[34,302],"arrests":[36,55],"United":[39],"States":[40],"were":[41,56],"youth":[43,62,277],"17":[44],"years":[45,130],"age":[47],"or":[48,167,178,191,199,216,219],"younger,":[49],"5.5%":[51],"(95,677)":[52],"these":[54,90,196],"for":[57],"crimes.":[59],"Of":[60],"incarcerated":[61,267],"(fewer":[63],"than":[64],"100,000":[65],"all":[67],"prisoners),":[68],"about":[69,117,274,286],"one":[70,125,176],"quarter":[71],"have":[72,93,156,226,247],"committed":[73],"crimes":[74],"against":[75],"persons.":[76],"Although":[77],"overall":[79],"magnitude":[80],"this":[82],"problem":[83],"often":[85],"distorted":[86],"by":[87,128,142],"media,":[89],"numbers,":[91],"which":[92,185],"increased":[94],"over":[95],"past":[97],"decade,":[98],"do":[99,296],"mask":[100],"substantially":[102],"higher":[103],"rates":[104],"extremely":[106],"poor,":[107],"populous":[108],"urban":[109],"communities.":[110],"addition,":[112],"on":[113],"national":[115,270],"survey,":[116],"20%":[118],"reported":[121],"having":[122],"engaged":[123],"incident":[127],"18":[129],"age.":[132],"Other":[133],"youths":[134,252],"are":[135,234,253,265,307],"predominant":[137],"victims":[138],"adolescents,":[143],"Many":[144],"environmental,":[145],"psychologic,":[146],"biologic":[148],"risk":[149],"protective":[151],"factors":[152],"population":[154],"indicators":[155],"been":[157,227],"related":[158],"to":[159,230,256,290,299,309],"various":[164],"combinations,":[165],"increase":[166],"decrease":[168,291],"likelihood":[170],"its":[172],"occurrence.":[173],"However,":[174],"no":[175],"theory":[177],"combination":[179,316],"variables":[181],"allows":[182],"prediction":[183],"individuals":[186],"will":[187,194,288],"commit":[188],"acts":[190,197],"what":[192,287],"interventions":[193],"prevent":[195],"initially":[198],"reduce":[200],"incidence":[202],"repeated":[204],"offenses.":[205],"Few,":[206],"if":[207],"any,":[208],"individual":[211],"therapeutic":[212],"techniques,":[213],"promising":[214],"state":[215],"community-based":[217],"programs,":[218],"traditional":[220],"law":[221],"enforcement":[222],"judicial":[224],"approaches":[225],"adequately":[228],"evaluated":[229],"determine":[231],"whether":[232],"they":[233],"effective":[235],"reducing":[237],"incidents":[239],"schools":[241],"neighborhoods.":[243],"juvenile":[245,337],"courts":[246],"become":[248],"increasingly":[249],"punitive,":[250],"more":[251],"being":[254,266],"transferred":[255],"adult":[257],"criminal":[258],"courts,":[259],"increasing":[261],"numbers":[262],"at":[268],"average":[271],"cost":[272],"$35,000":[275],"per":[276,278],"year.":[279],"Nevertheless,":[280],"despite":[281],"lack":[283],"certainty":[285],"work":[289],"violence":[292],"among":[293],"youth,":[294],"we":[295],"know":[297],"enough":[298],"take":[300],"practical":[304],"steps":[305],"that":[306],"likely":[308],"ameliorate":[310],"situation.":[312],"These":[313],"include":[314],"activities":[318],"directed":[319],"toward":[320],"improving":[321],"quality":[323],"life":[325],"areas":[327],"extreme":[329],"poverty":[330],"large":[332],"cities,":[333],"reforming":[335],"justice":[338],"system.":[339],"\u2014":[340],"R.E.B.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}