{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011903351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","title":"Root Nodule Formation on the Garden Bean, Studied by a Technique of Tissue Culture","display_name":"Root Nodule Formation on the Garden Bean, Studied by a Technique of Tissue Culture","publication_year":1933,"publication_date":"1933-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011903351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","mag":"2011903351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/334388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192124398","display_name":"Botanical Gazette","issn_l":"0006-8071","issn":["0006-8071","1940-1205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Botanical Gazette","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012349195","display_name":"Keith H. Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith H. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074783820","display_name":"Elizabeth McCoy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95148754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"2","first_page":"316","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11470","display_name":"Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11470","display_name":"Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11179","display_name":"Nematode management and characterization studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10451","display_name":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-nodule-formation","display_name":"root nodule formation","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-bean","display_name":"Phaseolus vulgaris","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excised-roots","display_name":"excised roots","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiolated-plants","display_name":"etiolated plants","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adventitious-roots","display_name":"adventitious roots","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-requirement","display_name":"light requirement","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-infection","display_name":"root infection","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-secretions","display_name":"root secretions","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizobia-symbiosis","display_name":"rhizobia symbiosis","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776286235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310438","display_name":"Phaseolus","level":2,"score":0.8984612822532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125418430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754218","display_name":"Etiolation","level":3,"score":0.7694656848907471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7080872058868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.5565888285636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.5242012739181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47528186440467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126574351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098397","display_name":"Root nodule","level":4,"score":0.4657507836818695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116038741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609336","display_name":"Taproot","level":2,"score":0.4313972592353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777531858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239959","display_name":"Cajanus","level":2,"score":0.4294894337654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3950006365776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43144210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121610","display_name":"Symbiosis","level":3,"score":0.21684980392456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.07750493288040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/334388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/334388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192124398","display_name":"Botanical Gazette","issn_l":"0006-8071","issn":["0006-8071","1940-1205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Botanical Gazette","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999428210","https://openalex.org/W2043962561","https://openalex.org/W2075712524","https://openalex.org/W2078255230","https://openalex.org/W2231200438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062526259","https://openalex.org/W3200156344","https://openalex.org/W2321887613","https://openalex.org/W2127508931","https://openalex.org/W2037614518","https://openalex.org/W2324834902","https://openalex.org/W2060108484","https://openalex.org/W2410529516","https://openalex.org/W2766464219","https://openalex.org/W2318517766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"Excised":[1],"roots":[2,33,78,87,116,137,156,204,218,316,346],"and":[3,54,139,167,211,253,275,353,386,420],"etiolated":[4,123,133,142,220,369,423],"plants":[5,125,144,222,350,371],"of":[6,13,26,31,50,114,132,141,145,154,157,198,200,213,219,224,239,268,279,288,291,300,312,320,344,360,368,379,395,398,416,421],"the":[7,27,32,45,65,83,86,146,158,162,196,217,236,240,256,262,289,298,329,358,377,384,396,399,411,417,422],"black":[8],"wax":[9],"bean,":[10],"a":[11,301,361,380],"variety":[12],"Phaseolus":[14],"vulgaris":[15],"L.,":[16],"have":[17,75],"been":[18,149],"raised":[19],"in":[20,38,64,70,120,188,261,282,328,342],"artificial":[21],"culture":[22],"by":[23,272,323,336],"an":[24],"adaptation":[25],"Wilson":[28],"technique.":[29],"Growth":[30],"is":[34,165,175,184,317,351,392],"admittedly":[35],"not":[36,193],"normal,":[37],"amount":[39],"at":[40,338],"least,":[41],"as":[42,172,331,333],"compared":[43],"with":[44,58,122,128,348],"standard":[46],"for":[47,294,410],"root":[48,302,362,419],"development":[49,212],"field":[51],"plants.":[52],"(Weaver":[53],"Bruner":[55],"[19]":[56],"state":[57],"reference":[59],"to":[60,161,186,209,277,305,356,388,406],"beans:":[61],"\"Plants":[62],"only":[63],"cotyledon":[66],"stage,":[67],"but":[68,103,191,234],"grown":[69,347],"warm,":[71],"mellow":[72],"soil,":[73],"often":[74],"well-branched":[76],"tap":[77],"twelve":[79],"inches":[80],"long.\")":[81],"In":[82],"present":[84],"experiments":[85,190,293],"usually":[88],"attained":[89],"about":[90],"half":[91],"that":[92,169,182,248,269,334],"length,":[93],"occasionally":[94],"two-thirds.":[95],"They":[96],"were":[97,231],"also":[98],"more":[99],"brittle":[100],"than":[101,215],"normal":[102,233],"no":[104,249,266,393],"regular":[105],"morphological":[106],"abnormality":[107],"could":[108],"be":[109],"found.":[110],"2.":[111],"Nodulation":[112,311],"(a)":[113],"excised":[115,203,315,345,400,418],"(grown":[117],"alone":[118],"or":[119,126,223,372],"combination":[121],"whole":[124,143,221,349,370,424],"tops":[127,134,225,373,385],"adventitious":[129,136],"roots),":[130],"(b)":[131],"having":[135],"only,":[138],"(c)":[140],"bean":[147,241],"has":[148],"accomplished.":[150],"3.":[151],"The":[152,202,228,340,364],"ratio":[153],"nodulated":[155],"various":[159],"types":[160],"corresponding":[163],"non-nodulated":[164],"low,":[166],"indicates":[168,246],"some":[170],"factor,":[171],"yet":[173],"unknown,":[174],"depressing":[176,405],"nodule":[177],"development.":[178],"It":[179],"appears":[180],"further":[181],"sugar":[183],"essential":[185],"nodulation":[187,343,367,415],"these":[189,292],"does":[192],"entirely":[194,313],"overcome":[195],"effect":[197],"absence":[199],"light.":[201],"are":[205,216],"distinctly":[206],"less":[207],"susceptible":[208],"infection":[210,306,321],"nodules":[214,229],"rerooted.":[226],"4.":[227],"studied":[230],"histologically":[232],"lacked":[235],"usual":[237],"starch":[238],"nodule.":[242],"Possibly":[243],"this":[244],"lack":[245,278],"merely":[247],"excess":[250],"was":[251,265],"absorbed":[252],"stored":[254],"from":[255,383],"0.5":[257],"per":[258],"cent":[259],"sucrose":[260],"nutrient.":[263],"There":[264],"sign":[267],"parasitism":[270],"noted":[271],"Thornton":[273,337],"(17)":[274],"attributed":[276],"carbohydrate":[280],"food":[281],"his":[283],"darkened":[284],"nodules.":[285],"5.":[286],"Study":[287],"results":[290],"their":[295],"bearing":[296],"on":[297],"question":[299],"secretion":[303],"stimulatory":[304],"shows":[307],"little":[308],"either":[309],"way.":[310],"isolated":[314],"positive":[318],"proof":[319],"unaided":[322],"any":[324],"hypothetical":[325],"substance":[326,381],"originating":[327],"tops,":[330],"late":[332],"reported":[335],"least.":[339],"increase":[341],"slight":[352],"certainly":[354],"insufficient":[355],"indicate":[357],"working":[359],"secretion.":[363],"considerably":[365],"increased":[366],"re-rooted":[374],"might":[375],"suggest":[376],"presence":[378],"derived":[382],"favorable":[387],"nodulation.":[389],"But":[390],"there":[391],"guaranty":[394],"normality":[397],"root.":[401],"Some":[402],"pathological":[403],"condition,":[404],"nodulation,":[407],"may":[408],"account":[409],"apparent":[412],"difference":[413],"between":[414],"plant.":[425]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
