{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011801561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","title":"Reproductive timing and aseasonality in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)","display_name":"Reproductive timing and aseasonality in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011801561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","mag":"2011801561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165569574","display_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","issn_l":"0022-2372","issn":["0022-2372","1545-1542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072023639","display_name":"Cheryl A. Frederick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheryl Frederick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042807288","display_name":"Kathleen E. Hunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-0245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-0245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen E. Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050321381","display_name":"Randall C. Kyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-3764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-3764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall Kyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057607044","display_name":"Darin M. Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258612","display_name":"Woodland Park Zoo","ror":"https://ror.org/00zgb6374","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darin Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA 98103, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038304247","display_name":"Samuel K. Wasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-1904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel K. Wasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072023639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":2988,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2988},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77545541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"2","first_page":"522","last_page":"531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.13330000638961792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-bear","display_name":"sun bear","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helarctos-malayanus","display_name":"Helarctos malayanus","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-phenology","display_name":"breeding phenology","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrus","display_name":"estrus","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecal-estrogen","display_name":"fecal estrogen","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudopregnancy","display_name":"pseudopregnancy","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-implant-placement","display_name":"delayed implantation","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-rate","display_name":"birth rate","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-estrus","display_name":"postpartum estrus","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-bears","display_name":"captive bears","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ursids","display_name":"ursids","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1998276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388121","display_name":"Estrous cycle","level":2,"score":0.889980673789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6719765663146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102874275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914623","display_name":"Seasonal breeder","level":2,"score":0.6683911085128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5608981847763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5430372357368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24990904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075144","display_name":"Obligate","level":2,"score":0.4721382260322571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61716771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496","display_name":"Feces","level":2,"score":0.449605256319046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.4414404332637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4339301586151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3176920711994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.28143763542175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.12152355909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-108.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165569574","display_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","issn_l":"0022-2372","issn":["0022-2372","1545-1542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-108.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-108.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308497","display_name":"Association of Zoos and Aquariums","ror":"https://ror.org/00t354q81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317698","display_name":"San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04fqe9p30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37081241","https://openalex.org/W395451320","https://openalex.org/W619958352","https://openalex.org/W1578011441","https://openalex.org/W1706094295","https://openalex.org/W1843692344","https://openalex.org/W1977392238","https://openalex.org/W1986337854","https://openalex.org/W1990265711","https://openalex.org/W1991473262","https://openalex.org/W1994588020","https://openalex.org/W1998216090","https://openalex.org/W2017916851","https://openalex.org/W2020345068","https://openalex.org/W2024098805","https://openalex.org/W2031737753","https://openalex.org/W2035538909","https://openalex.org/W2038770998","https://openalex.org/W2041925196","https://openalex.org/W2045459275","https://openalex.org/W2054113159","https://openalex.org/W2060123438","https://openalex.org/W2063706910","https://openalex.org/W2070899172","https://openalex.org/W2077849018","https://openalex.org/W2082604180","https://openalex.org/W2087917590","https://openalex.org/W2089533838","https://openalex.org/W2092737808","https://openalex.org/W2094282763","https://openalex.org/W2106785359","https://openalex.org/W2118733709","https://openalex.org/W2125835280","https://openalex.org/W2132432396","https://openalex.org/W2137498056","https://openalex.org/W2150734226","https://openalex.org/W2152687959","https://openalex.org/W2170021283","https://openalex.org/W2214737380","https://openalex.org/W2327881712","https://openalex.org/W2335769578","https://openalex.org/W2498274574","https://openalex.org/W2802226233","https://openalex.org/W4235414447","https://openalex.org/W4253512500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2622576401","https://openalex.org/W4400170715","https://openalex.org/W2024098805","https://openalex.org/W2089533838","https://openalex.org/W2106785359","https://openalex.org/W2038770998","https://openalex.org/W1990265711","https://openalex.org/W2117635041","https://openalex.org/W1526602121","https://openalex.org/W2110945860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"species":[1],"of":[2,54,67,74,100,168,195,225,231,234],"bears":[3,23,47,204],"exhibit":[4,218],"a":[5,10,26,31,165,235],"reproductive":[6,38,42],"strategy":[7],"that":[8,153,179,202,213,222],"includes":[9],"highly":[11],"defined":[12],"breeding":[13,103],"season,":[14],"delayed":[15,131,219],"implantation,":[16],"pseudopregnancy,":[17],"and":[18,52,57,79,104,116,121,140,221],"no":[19],"postpartum":[20],"estrus.":[21],"Sun":[22],"(Helarctos":[24],"malayanus),":[25],"tropical":[27],"lowland":[28],"species,":[29],"represent":[30],"potential":[32],"departure":[33],"from":[34],"the":[35,62,72,75,114,119,136,141,147,196,229],"typical":[36],"ursid":[37],"pattern.":[39],"We":[40],"studied":[41],"timing":[43],"in":[44,81,94,98,113,118,129,146,155,228],"captive":[45],"sun":[46,60,203],"by":[48,86],"examining":[49],"fecal":[50,92],"hormones":[51],"behavior":[53],"13":[55],"female":[56],"5":[58],"male":[59],"bears,":[61,159],"entire":[63],"North":[64],"American":[65],"population":[66],"H.":[68],"m.":[69],"euryspilus":[70],"at":[71],"time":[73],"study.":[76],"Fecal":[77],"estrogens":[78],"progestins":[80],"females":[82],"did":[83,91,133],"not":[84,134,215],"vary":[85],"season":[87],"or":[88,162],"month,":[89],"nor":[90],"androgens":[93],"males.":[95],"Estrus":[96],"occurred":[97,106],"11":[99],"12":[101],"months;":[102],"births":[105],"year-round.":[107],"However,":[108],"birth":[109],"rates":[110],"were":[111,190],"lower":[112],"spring":[115],"higher":[117],"fall":[120],"winter.":[122],"Our":[123,199],"study":[124],"documented":[125],"1":[126],"complete":[127],"pregnancy,":[128],"which":[130],"implantation":[132,220],"occur;":[135],"delay":[137],"between":[138],"estrus":[139,180,227],"progesterone":[142,170],"rise":[143],"(i.e.,":[144],"implantation)":[145],"pregnant":[148],"bear":[149],"was":[150],"similar":[151],"to":[152,217],"seen":[154],"nonpregnant":[156,161],"bears.":[157],"All":[158],"whether":[160],"pregnant,":[163],"exhibited":[164],"prolonged":[166],"period":[167],"high":[169],"after":[171,186],"estrus,":[172],"indicating":[173],"obligate":[174],"pseudopregnancy.":[175],"Studbook":[176],"records":[177],"show":[178],"can":[181],"occur":[182],"within":[183],"6":[184],"months":[185],"parturition;":[187],"these":[188],"cases":[189],"typically":[191],"associated":[192],"with":[193],"loss":[194,233],"previous":[197],"cub.":[198,236],"findings":[200],"suggest":[201],"are":[205,223],"unique":[206],"among":[207],"ursids,":[208],"being":[209],"polyestrous,":[210],"nonseasonal":[211],"breeders":[212],"do":[214],"appear":[216],"capable":[224],"initiating":[226],"event":[230],"early":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
