{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011783566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","title":"Understanding gender inequality in employment and retirement","display_name":"Understanding gender inequality in employment and retirement","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011783566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","mag":"2011783566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764708137","display_name":"Contemporary Social Science","issn_l":"1745-0144","issn":["1745-0144","1745-0152","2158-2041","2158-205X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112062901","display_name":"Robert M. Blackburn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Blackburn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011857751","display_name":"Jennifer Jarman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-3393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Jarman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P/B SE1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P/B SE1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042770006","display_name":"Girts Racko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girts Racko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112062901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94822968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2-3","first_page":"238","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.36039999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.36039999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.2425999939441681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.23430000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-segregation","display_name":"occupational segregation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-poverty","display_name":"retirement poverty","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-status","display_name":"class status","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-savings","display_name":"retirement savings","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-status","display_name":"occupational status","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7640818357467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.7197259664535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.6306671500205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5829759240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281228","display_name":"Disadvantage","level":2,"score":0.5348694920539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.4275050163269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4013163447380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.35797885060310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3396603465080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.24394994974136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23269814252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.19384554028511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.13022565841674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764708137","display_name":"Contemporary Social Science","issn_l":"1745-0144","issn":["1745-0144","1745-0152","2158-2041","2158-205X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:rsocxx:v:11:y:2016:i:2-3:p:238-252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21582041.2014.981756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46729988","https://openalex.org/W153339792","https://openalex.org/W229151564","https://openalex.org/W570079341","https://openalex.org/W576292312","https://openalex.org/W578046468","https://openalex.org/W585325438","https://openalex.org/W601606347","https://openalex.org/W644053964","https://openalex.org/W1497302043","https://openalex.org/W1526628104","https://openalex.org/W1534617306","https://openalex.org/W1542108973","https://openalex.org/W1544644956","https://openalex.org/W1550181247","https://openalex.org/W1562320981","https://openalex.org/W1581012286","https://openalex.org/W1619852700","https://openalex.org/W1756409212","https://openalex.org/W1974957662","https://openalex.org/W1979216570","https://openalex.org/W1987122047","https://openalex.org/W1987953030","https://openalex.org/W1989315198","https://openalex.org/W1992912760","https://openalex.org/W1995034559","https://openalex.org/W1999732149","https://openalex.org/W1999935001","https://openalex.org/W2000764899","https://openalex.org/W2000976311","https://openalex.org/W2012058957","https://openalex.org/W2017517103","https://openalex.org/W2025358537","https://openalex.org/W2031703426","https://openalex.org/W2042539371","https://openalex.org/W2050416554","https://openalex.org/W2052700172","https://openalex.org/W2055129232","https://openalex.org/W2056002037","https://openalex.org/W2067930901","https://openalex.org/W2072696198","https://openalex.org/W2075857296","https://openalex.org/W2075889753","https://openalex.org/W2084122675","https://openalex.org/W2086845459","https://openalex.org/W2093327481","https://openalex.org/W2104284352","https://openalex.org/W2111596861","https://openalex.org/W2121935262","https://openalex.org/W2124566277","https://openalex.org/W2124714562","https://openalex.org/W2131742326","https://openalex.org/W2133439568","https://openalex.org/W2143663865","https://openalex.org/W2152153457","https://openalex.org/W2163218739","https://openalex.org/W2315854953","https://openalex.org/W2316443908","https://openalex.org/W2327142669","https://openalex.org/W2328448403","https://openalex.org/W2477031989","https://openalex.org/W2574564044","https://openalex.org/W2739886842","https://openalex.org/W2771986539","https://openalex.org/W2783663265","https://openalex.org/W2796505317","https://openalex.org/W2997990971","https://openalex.org/W4211187677","https://openalex.org/W4230438046","https://openalex.org/W4232199631","https://openalex.org/W4246181665","https://openalex.org/W4253324581","https://openalex.org/W4298055700","https://openalex.org/W4388371081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2287243738","https://openalex.org/W4318825593","https://openalex.org/W2135348089","https://openalex.org/W2905397360","https://openalex.org/W1603831408","https://openalex.org/W3034205127","https://openalex.org/W2035680713","https://openalex.org/W2321839836","https://openalex.org/W2011461928","https://openalex.org/W2000976311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,53,61,106,163],"paper":[1],"is":[2,69,125],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,104,135,175,179],"the":[5,29,38,64,72,76,93,101,180,186],"occupation-based":[6],"inequalities":[7,17,24,54,108],"of":[8,63,75,96,129,167,188],"women":[9,41,168,183],"and":[10,27,42,59],"men":[11,43,86],"in":[12,18,25,46,50,66,109,117,161,191],"economically":[13],"developed":[14],"societies.":[15],"their":[19,171],"working":[20,110],"lives":[21,111],"lead":[22],"to":[23,44,133,150],"retirement,":[26,115],"particularly":[28],"greater":[30,176],"poverty":[31,160],"endured":[32],"by":[33,57],"women.":[34,105],"Occupational":[35],"gender":[36,51,107],"segregation,":[37,78],"tendency":[39],"for":[40,152],"work":[45],"different":[47,120],"occupations,":[48],"results":[49],"inequalities.":[52],"are":[55,184],"measured":[56,70],"pay":[58],"class-status.":[60],"extent":[62],"inequality":[65],"a":[67,118,126,136],"country":[68],"as":[71],"vertical":[73,94],"dimension":[74,95],"occupational":[77,164],"which":[79],"varies":[80],"appreciably":[81],"across":[82],"countries.":[83],"In":[84,122],"employment,":[85],"almost":[87],"always":[88],"have":[89],"an":[90],"advantage":[91,102,166],"on":[92,99],"pay,":[97],"while":[98,170],"class-status":[100,144],"lies":[103],"carry":[112],"over":[113],"into":[114],"though":[116],"somewhat":[119],"manner.":[121],"retirement":[123],"there":[124],"wide":[127],"range":[128],"experience":[130],"from":[131,142],"affluence":[132],"poverty,":[134],"great":[137],"many":[138],"experiencing":[139],"poverty.":[140,192],"Those":[141],"lower":[143],"levels":[145],"who":[146,156],"earned":[147],"too":[148],"little":[149],"save":[151],"pensions,":[153],"including":[154],"those":[155],"worked":[157],"part-time,":[158],"suffer":[159],"retirement.":[162],"status":[165],"disappears,":[169],"income":[172],"disadvantage":[173],"combines":[174],"life":[177],"expectancy,":[178],"consequence":[181],"that":[182],"among":[185],"majority":[187],"retired":[189],"people":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}