{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011695744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","title":"Self-association of human immunoglobulin kappa I light chains: role of the third hypervariable region.","display_name":"Self-association of human immunoglobulin kappa I light chains: role of the third hypervariable region.","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011695744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","mag":"2011695744","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6767243","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/348441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC348441","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108232641","display_name":"Fred J. Stevens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F J Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081916265","display_name":"Florence A. Westholm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F A Westholm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106893539","display_name":"Alan Solomon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Solomon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111705198","display_name":"Marianne Schiffer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Schiffer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87787651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"2","first_page":"1144","last_page":"1148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10649","display_name":"Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments","score":0.11490000039339066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11124","display_name":"Protein purification and stability","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoglobulin-kappa-light-chain","display_name":"immunoglobulin kappa light chain","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimerization","display_name":"dimerization","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bence-jones-protein","display_name":"Bence Jones protein","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimerization-constant","display_name":"dimerization constant","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81566733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047544","display_name":"Hypervariable region","level":3,"score":0.8142992258071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36394416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949267","display_name":"Immunoglobulin light chain","level":3,"score":0.7681903839111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779546866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531306","display_name":"Dimer","level":2,"score":0.7208542227745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193363816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617865","display_name":"Size-exclusion chromatography","level":3,"score":0.7037016153335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52697466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424176","display_name":"Bence Jones protein","level":4,"score":0.6585146188735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.645858645439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166940927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178827","display_name":"Monomer","level":3,"score":0.6177965998649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163994747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916358","display_name":"Sephadex","level":3,"score":0.5547656416893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781338088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903495","display_name":"Residue (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5288195013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63179538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854422","display_name":"Gel permeation chromatography","level":3,"score":0.48497772216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116084860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48255","display_name":"Gel electrophoresis","level":2,"score":0.46356093883514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167625842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763","display_name":"Peptide sequence","level":3,"score":0.45928192138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58121356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182854","display_name":"Molecular mass","level":3,"score":0.4513241648674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.373765766620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.35398805141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.29464608430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21784621477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13694044947624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07555317878723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07519686222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001666","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites, Antibody","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002850","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007135","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Variable Region","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007145","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007147","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Light Chains","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046911","descriptor_name":"Macromolecular Substances","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.2.1144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:213379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC348441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:348441","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/348441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:6767243","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6767243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:213379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC348441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W372292654","https://openalex.org/W1415216419","https://openalex.org/W1506714076","https://openalex.org/W1552541935","https://openalex.org/W1569720396","https://openalex.org/W1596107265","https://openalex.org/W1625660792","https://openalex.org/W1975514861","https://openalex.org/W1975532077","https://openalex.org/W1982549791","https://openalex.org/W2001874111","https://openalex.org/W2004165501","https://openalex.org/W2004707654","https://openalex.org/W2009444140","https://openalex.org/W2017044557","https://openalex.org/W2017367781","https://openalex.org/W2021006752","https://openalex.org/W2021118214","https://openalex.org/W2052130852","https://openalex.org/W2057077511","https://openalex.org/W2062029507","https://openalex.org/W2063351341","https://openalex.org/W2076629577","https://openalex.org/W2081334729","https://openalex.org/W2090881728","https://openalex.org/W2105612306","https://openalex.org/W2123129892","https://openalex.org/W2127552260","https://openalex.org/W2141468722","https://openalex.org/W2165225092","https://openalex.org/W2177474851","https://openalex.org/W2395017276","https://openalex.org/W2917526817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W334559454","https://openalex.org/W2006844286","https://openalex.org/W2115666482","https://openalex.org/W2041818704","https://openalex.org/W2062029507","https://openalex.org/W1596107265","https://openalex.org/W2127552260","https://openalex.org/W1667877556","https://openalex.org/W1979689102","https://openalex.org/W2109114915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gel":[0],"electrophoresis":[1,30],"and":[2,41],"molecular":[3,43,57],"sieve":[4],"chromatography":[5,46],"were":[6,61],"used":[7],"to":[8,63,91,106],"compare":[9],"17":[10,73],"different":[11,55],"human":[12],"kappa":[13],"I":[14],"type":[15],"Bence":[16],"Jones":[17],"proteins":[18],"including":[19],"5":[20],"for":[21,109,179],"which":[22],"the":[23,32,72,101,110,113,126,161,165,169,174,180,196],"amino":[24],"acid":[25],"sequence":[26,123],"is":[27],"known.":[28],"Although":[29],"in":[31,65,112,148,194],"presence":[33,127],"of":[34,38,71,80,118,121,128,156,164,168,182,184,199],"NaDodSO4":[35],"showed":[36,50],"uniformity":[37],"covalent":[39],"dimer":[40,138],"monomer":[42],"weights,":[44],"Sephadex":[45],"under":[47],"nondissociating":[48],"conditions":[49],"that":[51,125,145,173,189],"monomers":[52],"eluted":[53],"with":[54],"apparent":[56],"weights.":[58],"These":[59],"differences":[60],"attributed":[62],"heterogeneity":[64],"light":[66,119,149,185],"chain":[67],"self-association;":[68],"dimerization":[69,114],"constants":[70],"proteins,":[74],"calculated":[75],"from":[76,87],"a":[77,141,192],"computer":[78],"simulation":[79],"their":[81],"behavior":[82],"upon":[83],"gel":[84],"filtration,":[85],"ranged":[86],"less":[88],"than":[89,93],"10(3)":[90],"greater":[92],"10(6)":[94],"M-1.":[95],"The":[96,154],"variable":[97,170],"region,":[98,104],"more":[99],"specifically":[100],"third":[102],"hypervariable":[103,157],"appears":[105],"be":[107],"responsible":[108],"variation":[111],"constant.":[115],"Association":[116],"properties":[117],"chains":[120,150,186],"known":[122],"suggest":[124],"an":[129],"aromatic":[130],"or":[131],"hydrophobic":[132],"residue":[133,143,158],"at":[134,144],"position":[135,146],"96":[136,159],"enhances":[137],"formation":[139],"whereas":[140],"charged":[142],"results":[147],"remaining":[151],"stable":[152],"monomers.":[153],"location":[155],"within":[160],"amino-terminal":[162],"portion":[163],"joining":[166,175],"segment":[167],"region":[171,176],"suggests":[172],"may":[177],"account":[178],"variability":[181],"self-association":[183],"and,":[187],"moreover,":[188],"it":[190],"has":[191],"function":[193],"determining":[195],"selective":[197],"association":[198],"immunoglobulin":[200],"polypeptide":[201],"chains.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}