{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011668290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","title":"Executive deficits in major depression","display_name":"Executive deficits in major depression","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011668290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","mag":"2011668290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199498439","display_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-690X","issn":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109942191","display_name":"Alessio Degl\u2019Innocenti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Degl'Innocenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, Sweden","Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg","Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Goteborg University, Goteborg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Goteborg University, Goteborg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. \u00c5gren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. \u00c5gren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Goteborg University, Goteborg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Goteborg University, Goteborg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051550363","display_name":"Lars B\u00e4ckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-7357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-7357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. B\u00e4ckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Go\u0308teborg University, Go\u0308teborg","Section of Psychology, Stockholm Gerontology Research Center and Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Go\u0308teborg University, Go\u0308teborg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Psychology, Stockholm Gerontology Research Center and Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, G\u00f6teborg University, G\u00f6teborg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109942191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":197,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88074462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"3","first_page":"182","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wisconsin-card-sorting-test","display_name":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-task","display_name":"Stroop task","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-fluency","display_name":"verbal fluency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-inhibition","display_name":"response inhibition","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perseveration","display_name":"perseveration","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-processing","display_name":"feedback processing","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-speed","display_name":"cognitive speed","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-severity","display_name":"depression severity","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778420670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549525","display_name":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","level":4,"score":0.8250096440315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7438291311264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7387546896934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162967406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384176","display_name":"Stroop effect","level":3,"score":0.7283369302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97530452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920939","display_name":"Verbal fluency test","level":4,"score":0.7146741151809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775968953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783092","display_name":"Executive functions","level":3,"score":0.6704066395759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419936","display_name":"Executive dysfunction","level":4,"score":0.5598376989364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5233870148658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5190204381942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42033350467681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4112720489501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4019181728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.38264167308807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3216266632080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.18154656887054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17785128951072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007266","descriptor_name":"Inhibition, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014836","descriptor_name":"Volition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199498439","display_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-690X","issn":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9543305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197695037","https://openalex.org/W1533503858","https://openalex.org/W1969359163","https://openalex.org/W1972156069","https://openalex.org/W1974702488","https://openalex.org/W1988007659","https://openalex.org/W2007126717","https://openalex.org/W2009186535","https://openalex.org/W2020020413","https://openalex.org/W2021943010","https://openalex.org/W2035060095","https://openalex.org/W2039861945","https://openalex.org/W2039991528","https://openalex.org/W2047012140","https://openalex.org/W2057862778","https://openalex.org/W2064611362","https://openalex.org/W2075118788","https://openalex.org/W2087649546","https://openalex.org/W2090057077","https://openalex.org/W2091563056","https://openalex.org/W2098679074","https://openalex.org/W2118913796","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2130850683","https://openalex.org/W2141302083","https://openalex.org/W2146747402","https://openalex.org/W2150704745","https://openalex.org/W2163918328","https://openalex.org/W2409544945","https://openalex.org/W2479756919","https://openalex.org/W4244474297","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4256575139","https://openalex.org/W4290656920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982698404","https://openalex.org/W2198597866","https://openalex.org/W1758057089","https://openalex.org/W2116288696","https://openalex.org/W7100609865","https://openalex.org/W2363913401","https://openalex.org/W2401186145","https://openalex.org/W2233327448","https://openalex.org/W2024231974","https://openalex.org/W6964381777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinically":[0],"depressed":[1,38,59],"patients":[2,39,60],"and":[3,27,55,82,106],"control":[4],"subjects":[5],"were":[6,40,75],"examined":[7],"by":[8,48,91],"means":[9],"of":[10,30,104,112],"different":[11],"tests":[12],"to":[13,65,71,85],"assess":[14],"executive":[15,120],"functions":[16,121],"(the":[17],"Wisconsin":[18],"Card":[19],"Sorting":[20],"Test,":[21],"the":[22,37,44,58,83,102],"Stroop":[23],"Color":[24],"Word":[25],"Test":[26],"a":[28,123],"test":[29],"verbal":[31],"fluency).":[32],"The":[33,109],"results":[34,113],"indicate":[35],"that":[36,115],"generally":[41],"slower":[42],"than":[43],"controls,":[45],"as":[46],"reflected":[47],"longer":[49],"retrieval":[50],"times":[51],"for":[52],"both":[53],"words":[54],"colours.":[56],"Furthermore,":[57],"showed":[61],"impairment":[62],"with":[63],"regard":[64],"altering":[66],"behaviour":[67],"appropriately":[68],"in":[69,79,122],"response":[70],"feedback.":[72],"However,":[73],"there":[74],"no":[76],"depression-related":[77],"increases":[78],"perseverative":[80],"responses,":[81],"ability":[84],"inhibit":[86],"irrelevant":[87],"information":[88],"was":[89,95],"unaffected":[90],"depression.":[92],"No":[93],"relationship":[94],"found":[96],"between":[97],"specific":[98],"depressive":[99],"symptoms":[100],"or":[101],"severity":[103],"depression":[105,116],"cognitive":[107],"performance.":[108],"overall":[110],"pattern":[111],"suggests":[114],"may":[117],"affect":[118],"various":[119],"differentiated":[124],"manner.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
