{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011663093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","title":"Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia with Beta-Carotene","display_name":"Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia with Beta-Carotene","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011663093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","mag":"2011663093","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1574255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000227016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198727964","display_name":"Oncology","issn_l":"0030-2414","issn":["0030-2414","1423-0232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111758950","display_name":"S. Toma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Toma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italia","Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova","Istituto di Oncologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Oncologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Genova","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091504687","display_name":"Stefano Benso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Benso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cattedra di Chirurgia Speziale Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cattedra di Chirurgia Speziale Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Genova","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. Albanese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Albanese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045450050","display_name":"Raffaella Palumbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-983X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-983X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Palumbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111161606","display_name":"E Cantoni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Cantoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Modena, Italia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Modena, Italia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112157396","display_name":"Guido Nicol\u00f2","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Nicol\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022324970","display_name":"P Mangiante","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Mangiante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cattedra di Chirurgia Speziale Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Genova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cattedra di Chirurgia Speziale Odontostomatologica, Universit\u00e1 di Genova","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87871556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"77","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13761","display_name":"HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-leukoplakia","display_name":"oral leukoplakia","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-carotene","display_name":"beta-carotene","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-premalignant-lesions","display_name":"oral potentially malignant disorders","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotretinoin","display_name":"isotretinoin","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atypical-hyperplasia","display_name":"atypical hyperplasia","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysplasia","display_name":"dysplasia","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-toxicity","display_name":"drug toxicity","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7898411154747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777550702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838145","display_name":"Leukoplakia","level":3,"score":0.6336889863014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5254620313644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4981539249420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.497910737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778859900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306135","display_name":"beta-Carotene","level":3,"score":0.47819972038269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779963572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29417","display_name":"Tretinoin","level":4,"score":0.44102707505226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781340805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383696","display_name":"Epithelial dysplasia","level":3,"score":0.4236980974674225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775894508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128996","display_name":"Dysplasia","level":2,"score":0.4204041659832001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4169021248817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3299978971481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425517","display_name":"Retinoic acid","level":3,"score":0.3265150785446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.166996031999588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002338","descriptor_name":"Carotenoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002338","descriptor_name":"Carotenoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004341","descriptor_name":"Drug Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007972","descriptor_name":"Leukoplakia, Oral","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019207","descriptor_name":"beta Carotene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000227016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000227016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198727964","display_name":"Oncology","issn_l":"0030-2414","issn":["0030-2414","1423-0232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1574255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1574255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2271717367","https://openalex.org/W3015071616","https://openalex.org/W3024094785","https://openalex.org/W1656556746","https://openalex.org/W2076740472","https://openalex.org/W2039138723","https://openalex.org/W2339318589","https://openalex.org/W2371195270","https://openalex.org/W2080663586","https://openalex.org/W2008174538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,15,26,93,125,128,140,182],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"beta-carotene":[5,42,75,186],"has":[6,43],"progressively":[7],"gained":[8],"ground":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,63,117],"drug":[12],"chosen":[13],"in":[14,58,92,139,165],"treatment":[16,168],"of":[17,28,67,82,127,145,159,178,185],"oral":[18,59,70,188],"leukoplakias,":[19,189],"thus":[20],"making":[21],"it":[22],"possible":[23],"to":[24,37,45,53,170],"reduce":[25],"use":[27],"13-cis-retinoic":[29],"acid,":[30],"which":[31],"was":[32,78],"shown":[33],"by":[34],"many":[35],"studies":[36,196],"be":[38,54,171],"highly":[39],"toxic":[40],"while":[41],"proved":[44],"have":[46],"no":[47],"significant":[48,160],"side":[49],"effects":[50],"and":[51,72,88,95,99,116,134,153],"hence":[52],"much":[55],"more":[56],"suitable":[57],"premalignancy.":[60],"In":[61],"1989,":[62],"phase":[64],"II":[65],"study":[66,94,180],"patients":[68,84,105],"showing":[69],"leukoplakias":[71],"treated":[73],"with":[74],"(90":[76],"mg/day)":[77],"begun.":[79],"A":[80],"total":[81],"23":[83],"(aged":[85],"between":[86],"17":[87],"85)":[89],"were":[90,102,132,147,162],"included":[91],"18":[96],"(8":[97],"male":[98],"10":[100],"female)":[101],"evaluated.":[103],"Eight":[104],"(44.4%)":[106],"had":[107,169],"objective":[108],"responses":[109],"(6":[110],"complete,":[111],"2":[112],"partial).":[113],"Four":[114],"CR":[115],"PR":[118],"appeared":[119],"unexpectedly":[120],"within":[121],"2-7":[122],"months":[123],"after":[124],"end":[126],"therapy.":[129],"The":[130,176],"lesions":[131],"macroscopically":[133],"histologically":[135],"examined":[136],"at":[137],"entry;":[138],"evaluated":[141],"patients,":[142],"two":[143],"types":[144],"alterations":[146],"found:":[148],"atypical":[149],"hyperplasia":[150],"(16":[151],"patients)":[152],"dysplasia":[154],"(2":[155],"patients).":[156],"No":[157],"signs":[158],"toxicity":[161],"detected;":[163],"only":[164],"1":[166,174],"patient":[167],"interrupted":[172],"for":[173],"week.":[175],"results":[177],"this":[179],"show":[181],"fair":[183],"efficacy":[184],"against":[187],"but":[190],"further":[191],"confirmations":[192],"through":[193],"controlled":[194],"clinical":[195],"are":[197],"needed.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
