{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011406264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","title":"Automatic scoring of responses to the hearing in noise test using utterance verification based on hidden Markov models.","display_name":"Automatic scoring of responses to the hearing in noise test using utterance verification based on hidden Markov models.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011406264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","mag":"2011406264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.3384769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072378029","display_name":"Jason Lilley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-3118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-3118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Lilley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Linguist., Univ. of Delaware, 46 E. Delaware Ave., Newark, DE 19711, lilley@asel.udel.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Linguist., Univ. of Delaware, 46 E. Delaware Ave., Newark, DE 19711, lilley@asel.udel.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067843692","display_name":"Justin M. Aronoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-5273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-5273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310293346","display_name":"House Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02bsaqx63","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310293346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin M. Aronoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["House Ear Inst., Los Angeles, CA 90057"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"House Ear Inst., Los Angeles, CA 90057","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310293346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063971203","display_name":"Sigfrid D. Soli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-4450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-4450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310293346","display_name":"House Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02bsaqx63","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310293346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigfrid Soli","raw_affiliation_strings":["House Ear Inst., Los Angeles, CA 90057"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"House Ear Inst., Los Angeles, CA 90057","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310293346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tim Bunnell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326254912","display_name":"Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyx0v10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326254912","https://openalex.org/I4210108049"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Bunnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326254912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003150807","display_name":"Ivan Pal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Compreval, Inc., Grayslake, IL 60030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Compreval, Inc., Grayslake, IL 60030","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"3_Supplement","first_page":"1902","last_page":"1902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.82669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.82669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.07500000298023224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.0746999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-in-noise-test","display_name":"Hearing in Noise Test","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-scoring","display_name":"automatic scoring","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance-verification","display_name":"utterance verification","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-models","display_name":"hidden Markov models","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition-threshold","display_name":"speech recognition threshold","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-testing","display_name":"adaptive testing","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-assessment","display_name":"hearing assessment","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.6492418050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6042128205299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5831565260887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5770676136016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5076361894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.43806034326553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.42855125665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.418010950088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3611757159233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35384437441825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34109729528427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09180399775505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.3384769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3384769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975675577","https://openalex.org/W2007780422","https://openalex.org/W2038241506","https://openalex.org/W3127686677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098387084","https://openalex.org/W2397310894","https://openalex.org/W2562483695","https://openalex.org/W7006166543","https://openalex.org/W1586234072","https://openalex.org/W2524715811","https://openalex.org/W2372178361","https://openalex.org/W2112482982","https://openalex.org/W7120876177","https://openalex.org/W2790565647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,160],"hearing":[1],"in":[2,9,124],"noise":[3],"test":[4],"(HINT)":[5],"is":[6,62,123],"widely":[7],"used":[8,88],"clinical":[10],"settings":[11],"to":[12,44,92,150],"measure":[13],"patients\u2019":[14],"speech":[15],"recognition":[16],"thresholds":[17],"(SRTs).":[18],"patient":[20],"must":[21,51],"repeat":[22],"20":[23],"sentences":[24,42],"presented":[25,188],"at":[26,189],"signal-to-noise":[27],"ratios":[28],"(SNRs)":[29],"that":[30,112],"change":[31],"adaptively":[32],"throughout":[33],"the":[34,38,41,45,59,72,79,165,169,190],"test.":[35],"HINT":[36,85],"varies":[37],"SNR":[39],"of":[40,81,104,130,179],"according":[43],"patient\u2019s":[46],"responses,":[47],"so":[48],"each":[49],"response":[50],"be":[52,187],"scored":[53],"by":[54,164,173,176,194],"a":[55,75,94,102,110,127],"human":[56,76,82,174],"judge":[57,77],"before":[58],"next":[60],"sentence":[61],"presented.":[63],"An":[64,120],"utterance":[65],"verification":[66],"engine":[67],"(UVE)":[68],"would":[69],"remove":[70],"both":[71],"need":[73],"for":[74],"and":[78,106,109,136],"subjectivity":[80],"judgments.":[83],"2000":[84],"responses":[86],"were":[87],"from":[89,168],"25":[90,131],"listeners":[91,148],"develop":[93],"UVE":[95,166],"based":[96],"on":[97],"hidden":[98],"Markov":[99],"models":[100],"(HMMs),":[101],"lexicon":[103],"observed":[105],"likely":[107],"words,":[108],"grammar":[111,137],"generates":[113],"utterances":[114],"classifiable":[115],"as":[116],"correct":[117],"or":[118],"incorrect.":[119],"evaluation":[121],"study":[122],"progress":[125],"with":[126,146],"planned":[128],"enrollment":[129],"normal-hearing":[132],"listeners.":[133,143],"HMMs,":[134],"lexicon,":[135],"are":[138],"updated":[139],"after":[140],"every":[141],"five":[142],"In":[144],"results":[145,185],"ten":[147],"tested":[149],"date,":[151],"scoring":[152],"accuracy":[153],"averaged":[154],"88%":[155],"per":[156],"subject":[157],"(range":[158,182],"81%\u201395%).":[159],"mean":[161,170],"SRT":[162,171],"determined":[163,172],"differed":[167],"scorers":[175],"an":[177],"average":[178],"0.56":[180],"dB":[181],"0.04\u20131.91).":[183],"Complete":[184],"will":[186],"conference.":[191],"[Work":[192],"supported":[193],"NIDCD":[195],"Grant":[196],"R43DC008212.]":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}