{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011368045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","title":"The Militarization of American Professional Sports","display_name":"The Militarization of American Professional Sports","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011368045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","mag":"2011368045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0193723512470686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4723672","display_name":"Journal of Sport and Social Issues","issn_l":"0193-7235","issn":["0193-7235","1552-7638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport and Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001786085","display_name":"Tricia Jenkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-6332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-6332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128956969","display_name":"Texas Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/054b0b564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tricia Jenkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX, USA","#N# 1Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001786085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93004267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"245","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.6996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.6996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.2037000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14518","display_name":"American Sports and Literature","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-metaphors","display_name":"war metaphors","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-media-coverage","display_name":"sports media coverage","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-recruitment","display_name":"military recruitment","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wartime-sports","display_name":"wartime sports","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575688","display_name":"Militarization","level":3,"score":0.960586428642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776786559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6241","display_name":"Patriotism","level":3,"score":0.7865898609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5531628131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.5110682249069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48616382479667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54589662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8740","display_name":"Vietnam War","level":2,"score":0.4128345847129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4032411575317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36605313420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36275625228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3451162576675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33927562832832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21981734037399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08762961626052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07908445596694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07823920249938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0193723512470686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512470686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4723672","display_name":"Journal of Sport and Social Issues","issn_l":"0193-7235","issn":["0193-7235","1552-7638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport and Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308844","display_name":"University of Texas Press","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79993916","https://openalex.org/W568855568","https://openalex.org/W599578694","https://openalex.org/W606698267","https://openalex.org/W2023446716","https://openalex.org/W2558569306","https://openalex.org/W4300055636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970570078","https://openalex.org/W4383429013","https://openalex.org/W4226049922","https://openalex.org/W204785633","https://openalex.org/W3213154368","https://openalex.org/W4288062601","https://openalex.org/W4238141010","https://openalex.org/W2511345150","https://openalex.org/W4386146547","https://openalex.org/W2107210259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"how":[3],"\u201cwar-speak\u201d":[4],"is":[5,49],"incorporated":[6],"into":[7],"both":[8],"sports":[9,68],"media":[10,69],"coverage":[11,70],"and":[12,33,55,73,78,90],"athletic":[13],"rituals.":[14],"It":[15],"posits":[16],"that":[17,48],"while":[18],"the":[19,35,62,83,94],"militarization":[20],"of":[21,64,96],"American":[22],"sporting":[23],"events":[24],"may":[25],"help":[26],"to":[27,92],"comfort":[28],"a":[29,38,45],"nation":[30],"in":[31,67],"crisis":[32],"afford":[34],"Armed":[36],"Forces":[37],"valuable":[39],"recruitment":[40],"tool,":[41],"it":[42,80],"simultaneously":[43],"encourages":[44],"coercive":[46],"patriotism":[47],"morally":[50],"problematic":[51],"for":[52,76],"many":[53],"athletes":[54],"fans,":[56],"especially":[57],"during":[58],"wartime.":[59],"Likewise,":[60],"although":[61],"use":[63],"war":[65,84,97],"metaphors":[66],"provides":[71],"exciting":[72],"dramatic":[74],"language":[75],"players":[77],"sportscasters,":[79],"also":[81],"devalues":[82],"experience":[85],"by":[86],"trivializing":[87],"its":[88],"horrors":[89],"helps":[91],"sell":[93],"concept":[95],"as":[98],"sport.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}