{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011365631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","title":"Impulse breakdown voltages of air gaps: a new approach to atmospheric correction factors applicable to international standards","display_name":"Impulse breakdown voltages of air gaps: a new approach to atmospheric correction factors applicable to international standards","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011365631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","mag":"2011365631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19003042","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","issn_l":"1070-9878","issn":["1070-9878","1558-4135"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004563320","display_name":"Pascal Ort\u00e9ga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-6402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-6402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86908984","display_name":"University of French Polynesia","ror":"https://ror.org/03ay59x86","country_code":"PF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86908984"]}],"countries":["PF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Terre-Oc\u00e9an, University of Franch Polynesia, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Terre-Oc\u00e9an, University of Franch Polynesia, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86908984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022479099","display_name":"Ronald T. Waters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-6249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-6249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.T. Waters","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Voltage Energy Systems Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Voltage Energy Systems Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077136643","display_name":"Abderrahmane Manu Haddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-6146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-6146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Voltage Energy Systems Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Voltage Energy Systems Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112983031","display_name":"R. Hameed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Swansea University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Swansea University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027940253","display_name":"Annette Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-265X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-265X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.J. Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Swansea University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Swansea University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71933068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1498","last_page":"1508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.38920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-breakdown-voltage","display_name":"impulse breakdown voltage","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-gap","display_name":"air gap","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humidity-effects","display_name":"humidity effects","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-impulse","display_name":"lightning impulse","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rod-plane-gap","display_name":"rod-plane gap","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamer-propagation","display_name":"streamer propagation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-standards","display_name":"IEC standards","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111538826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1511415","display_name":"Density of air","level":2,"score":0.7665865421295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.7137758135795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.676967442035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5866444706916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5169134140014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50587689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698328","display_name":"Air gap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.5146306753158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.4676591455936432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.46648767590522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200769187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656","display_name":"Arc flash","level":3,"score":0.4524690806865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109825930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209148","display_name":"Polarity symbols","level":4,"score":0.43352165818214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.42925482988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4244704842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38654160499572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.3832104504108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34014326333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.273665189743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25681233406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16853836178779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.09242597222328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2007.4401234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19003042","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","issn_l":"1070-9878","issn":["1070-9878","1558-4135"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:1482418550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/16919/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7587931648","display_name":"UP-RATING OF OVERHEAD LINES","funder_award_id":"EP/E017673/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006513618","https://openalex.org/W2061191305","https://openalex.org/W2061558052","https://openalex.org/W2095924939","https://openalex.org/W2146876928","https://openalex.org/W2284190405","https://openalex.org/W4249487138","https://openalex.org/W7026763858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253586788","https://openalex.org/W1572665409","https://openalex.org/W4413294917","https://openalex.org/W2099748229","https://openalex.org/W1980879119","https://openalex.org/W4414270186","https://openalex.org/W2097640900","https://openalex.org/W2076446691","https://openalex.org/W4249487138","https://openalex.org/W1558579175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,10,13,29,49,66,75,98,114,125,140,150,162,165,169],"design":[2],"of":[3,12,15,31,51,65,69,78,124,142,152,164],"high-altitude":[4],"high-voltage":[5],"transmission":[6],"systems":[7],"and":[8,34,53,71,117,122,127,154,160],"in":[9,18,48,55,102,168],"optimization":[11],"reliability":[14],"power":[16],"sources":[17],"aeronautical":[19],"environments,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,45,86],"important":[23],"to":[24,88,96,133],"have":[25],"reliable":[26],"data":[27],"concerning":[28],"effect":[30,163],"air":[32,38,83,118,135],"density":[33,73,119,153],"humidity":[35,70,116,155],"on":[36,74,156],"reducing":[37],"insulation":[39],"performance":[40],"under":[41],"local":[42],"conditions.":[43],"This":[44,58],"helpful":[46],"also":[47],"modeling":[50],"discharges":[52],"lightning":[54,90],"mountainous":[56],"regions.":[57,104],"paper":[59,138],"describes":[60],"a":[61,79,93,143],"systematic":[62],"laboratory":[63],"investigation":[64],"combined":[67],"effects":[68],"gas":[72],"breakdown":[76],"strength":[77],"0.2":[80],"m":[81],"rod/plane":[82],"gap":[84],"that":[85,108],"subjected":[87],"positive-polarity":[89],"impulses,":[91],"using":[92],"test":[94],"chamber":[95],"reproduce":[97],"conditions":[99],"commonly":[100],"found":[101],"such":[103],"The":[105,137],"results":[106],"show":[107],"there":[109],"are":[110],"appreciable":[111],"deviations":[112],"between":[113],"measured":[115],"correction":[120,146],"factors":[121],"those":[123],"1973":[126],"1989":[128],"IEC":[129],"Standards":[130],"when":[131],"extended":[132],"low":[134],"density.":[136],"proposes":[139],"adoption":[141],"radically":[144],"different":[145],"procedure,":[147],"based":[148],"upon":[149],"influence":[151],"streamer":[157],"propagation":[158],"field,":[159],"including":[161],"high":[166],"gradient":[167],"anode":[170],"region.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}