{"id":"https://openalex.org/W201129879","doi":null,"title":"The Politics of Diversion: Disentangling the Relationship Between Time Horizons and the Decision to Use Force","display_name":"The Politics of Diversion: Disentangling the Relationship Between Time Horizons and the Decision to Use Force","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W201129879","mag":"201129879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:201129879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1920559_code632385.pdf?abstractid=1900612&mirid=5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1920559_code632385.pdf?abstractid=1900612&mirid=5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066653868","display_name":"Erica Frantz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-1628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-1628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17856709","display_name":"Bridgewater State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x3skf39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17856709"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erica Frantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bridgewater State University#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-1628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bridgewater State University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17856709"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066653868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17856709"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.5526999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.5526999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.4323999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-horizon","display_name":"time horizon","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-force","display_name":"use of force","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-initiation","display_name":"conflict initiation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-risk","display_name":"political risk","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leader-turnover","display_name":"leader turnover","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-aggression","display_name":"international aggression","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-structures","display_name":"incentive structures","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7919183969497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7084416747093201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992257854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48461","display_name":"New horizons","level":3,"score":0.699694037437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6764832139015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5530715584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.44616973400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4315072298049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.42128464579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3466225266456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25118085741996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2200712263584137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1401960849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10510239005088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08371272683143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:201129879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1920559_code632385.pdf?abstractid=1900612&mirid=5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:201129879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1920559_code632385.pdf?abstractid=1900612&mirid=5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W400701228","https://openalex.org/W651710201","https://openalex.org/W1512067516","https://openalex.org/W1535643370","https://openalex.org/W1964333827","https://openalex.org/W1971301429","https://openalex.org/W1990453195","https://openalex.org/W1999326695","https://openalex.org/W2024677515","https://openalex.org/W2033442982","https://openalex.org/W2041929721","https://openalex.org/W2043050410","https://openalex.org/W2044073085","https://openalex.org/W2044687826","https://openalex.org/W2057137287","https://openalex.org/W2061487433","https://openalex.org/W2063890925","https://openalex.org/W2076419382","https://openalex.org/W2076614180","https://openalex.org/W2077002000","https://openalex.org/W2086628818","https://openalex.org/W2089431007","https://openalex.org/W2098910318","https://openalex.org/W2101525392","https://openalex.org/W2110537446","https://openalex.org/W2117809392","https://openalex.org/W2117946190","https://openalex.org/W2125291718","https://openalex.org/W2125717591","https://openalex.org/W2127267774","https://openalex.org/W2127866940","https://openalex.org/W2135368025","https://openalex.org/W2138249450","https://openalex.org/W2147865031","https://openalex.org/W2150924432","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2157068347","https://openalex.org/W2160009468","https://openalex.org/W2165757691","https://openalex.org/W2166749687","https://openalex.org/W2167624810","https://openalex.org/W2332664568","https://openalex.org/W2335266350","https://openalex.org/W2338533035","https://openalex.org/W4245935937","https://openalex.org/W4254553025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6996488515","https://openalex.org/W3195942546","https://openalex.org/W2041929721","https://openalex.org/W2145011484","https://openalex.org/W7098277866","https://openalex.org/W2607267845","https://openalex.org/W1997694071","https://openalex.org/W2153482536","https://openalex.org/W2036049230","https://openalex.org/W3042563269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scholars":[0],"have":[1],"long":[2],"argued":[3],"that":[4,99],"time":[5,46,74,101],"horizons":[6,75,102],"alter":[7],"incentive":[8],"structures:":[9],"when":[10],"political":[11],"actors":[12],"face":[13],"a":[14,42],"high":[15],"risk":[16,57,121],"of":[17,38,54,58,73,90,94,122],"being":[18],"removed":[19],"from":[20,60],"their":[21],"posts,":[22],"they":[23,27],"behave":[24],"differently":[25],"than":[26],"would":[28],"otherwise.":[29],"This":[30,109],"study":[31,97],"explores":[32],"this":[33,96],"idea":[34],"in":[35,83],"the":[36,56,84,88,91,128],"context":[37],"conflict":[39,77],"behavior.":[40,108],"Using":[41],"new":[43],"proxy":[44],"for":[45],"horizons,":[47],"it":[48],"provides":[49],"an":[50,79],"in-depth":[51],"empirical":[52],"examination":[53],"how":[55,70],"falling":[59],"power":[61],"impacts":[62],"decisions":[63],"to":[64,126],"use":[65,129],"force.":[66,130],"It":[67],"looks":[68],"at":[69,120],"different":[71],"types":[72],"affect":[76],"initiation,":[78],"avenue":[80],"previously":[81],"unexplored":[82],"literature.":[85],"Consistent":[86],"with":[87,104],"expectations":[89],"diversionary":[92],"theory":[93],"war,":[95],"finds":[98],"short":[100],"correspond":[103],"more":[105],"aggressive":[106],"international":[107],"relationship":[110],"only":[111],"holds,":[112],"however,":[113],"under":[114],"certain":[115],"conditions:":[116],"leaders":[117],"must":[118],"be":[119],"losing":[123],"office":[124],"unconstitutionally":[125],"incentivize":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}