{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011244935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","title":"The WAIS-III and WAIS-IV: Daubert Motions Favor the Certainly False over the Approximately True","display_name":"The WAIS-III and WAIS-IV: Daubert Motions Favor the Certainly False over the Approximately True","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011244935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","mag":"2011244935","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19430991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09084280902864360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172113","display_name":"Applied Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0908-4282","issn":["0908-4282","1532-4826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112204400","display_name":"James R. Flynn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James R. Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. jim.flynn@stonebow.otago.ac.nz","University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. jim.flynn@stonebow.otago.ac.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112204400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9881089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"98","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.7699999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.7699999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.13779999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wais-iii","display_name":"WAIS-III","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wais-iv","display_name":"WAIS-IV","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flynn-effect","display_name":"Flynn effect","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-cases","display_name":"capital cases","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woodcock-johnson-iii","display_name":"Woodcock-Johnson III","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141779","display_name":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","level":3,"score":0.8592737913131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7236210107803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.5611119270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44550764560699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173354102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510887","display_name":"Raven's Progressive Matrices","level":3,"score":0.4379960298538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.379733681678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.23654603958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1696285903453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002203","descriptor_name":"Capital Punishment","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014888","descriptor_name":"Wechsler Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09084280902864360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280902864360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172113","display_name":"Applied Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0908-4282","issn":["0908-4282","1532-4826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19430991","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19430991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied neuropsychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965494348","https://openalex.org/W2030238993","https://openalex.org/W2073929825","https://openalex.org/W2092965383","https://openalex.org/W2157905117","https://openalex.org/W2319207023","https://openalex.org/W4213249051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157905117","https://openalex.org/W2124351129","https://openalex.org/W2971332906","https://openalex.org/W2055814698","https://openalex.org/W2109292303","https://openalex.org/W4230086408","https://openalex.org/W2049050631","https://openalex.org/W2136607476","https://openalex.org/W2060657545","https://openalex.org/W4404391828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Daubert":[0],"motions":[1],"oppose":[2],"adjusting":[3],"IQ":[4,12,73,98],"scores.":[5],"They":[6],"argue":[7],"that":[8,34,46,55,172],"the":[9,31,44,52,64,84,111,125,129,135,152,155,159,182,185],"rate":[10,35,105],"of":[11,91,94,106,124],"gains":[13,60],"over":[14],"time":[15,136],"(the":[16],"Flynn":[17],"Effect)":[18],"cannot":[19],"be":[20,175],"set":[21,176],"at":[22,134],"0.3":[23],"points":[24,108,142],"per":[25,109,119],"year":[26],"with":[27],"scientific":[28,53],"exactitude;":[29],"therefore,":[30,63],"adjustment":[32],"formula":[33],"implies":[36],"is":[37,48,68,103,116,170],"inadmissible":[38],"in":[39,51,88],"capital":[40],"cases.":[41],"This":[42],"ignores":[43],"fact":[45],"there":[47,56],"universal":[49],"agreement":[50],"community":[54],"have":[57],"been":[58],"substantial":[59],"and":[61,96,158,162,178,184],"that,":[62],"worst":[65],"possible":[66],"option":[67],"to":[69,127,154],"simply":[70],"leave":[71],"inflated":[72,131],"scores":[74,174],"unadjusted.":[75],"That":[76],"would":[77],"undermine":[78],"equity":[79],"entirely.":[80],"New":[81],"data":[82],"from":[83],"WAIS-IV":[85,183],"are":[86],"included":[87],"a":[89,104],"meta-analysis":[90],"14":[92],"combinations":[93],"Wechsler":[95,114],"Binet":[97],"tests.":[99],"The":[100],"overall":[101],"average":[102,112],"0.311":[107],"year;":[110],"within":[113],"tests":[115],"0.299":[117],"point":[118],"year.":[120],"A":[121],"new":[122,149],"estimate":[123],"extent":[126],"which":[128],"WAIS-III":[130,153,173],"IQs,":[132],"even":[133],"it":[137],"was":[138],"normed,":[139],"yields":[140],"1.65":[141],"(rather":[143],"than":[144],"2.34":[145],"points).":[146],"However,":[147],"two":[148],"studies":[150],"comparing":[151],"Woodcock-Johnson":[156],"III":[157],"Kaufman":[160],"Adolescent":[161],"Adult":[163],"Intelligence":[164],"Scale":[165],"give":[166],"huge":[167],"estimates.":[168],"It":[169],"recommended":[171],"aside":[177],"subjects":[179],"tested":[180],"on":[181],"Stanford-Binet":[186],"5.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}