{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011176979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","title":"Phenology and growth in four annual species grown in ambient and elevated CO2","display_name":"Phenology and growth in four annual species grown in ambient and elevated CO2","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011176979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","mag":"2011176979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1139/b91-307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188060","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0008-4026","issn":["0008-4026","1480-3305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110477366","display_name":"Edward G. Reekie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. G. Reekie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113603630","display_name":"F. A. Bazzaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. A. Bazzaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91742342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"11","first_page":"2475","last_page":"2481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11760","display_name":"Plant responses to elevated CO2","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-phenology","display_name":"plant phenology","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowering-time","display_name":"flowering time","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth","display_name":"plant growth","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-competition","display_name":"interspecific competition","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-plants","display_name":"annual plants","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oenothera-laciniata","display_name":"Oenothera laciniata","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupinus-texensis","display_name":"Lupinus texensis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoperiod","display_name":"photoperiod","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-development","display_name":"rate of development","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.9671463966369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7003366947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6770889759063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.45801371335983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.450287401676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156811","display_name":"Lupinus","level":2,"score":0.44709792733192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55969652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259028","display_name":"photoperiodism","level":2,"score":0.4224318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145555007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158583","display_name":"Raceme","level":3,"score":0.41240444779396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.34804266691207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21914783120155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178165689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156428","display_name":"Inflorescence","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1139/b91-307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188060","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0008-4026","issn":["0008-4026","1480-3305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167864736","https://openalex.org/W1938016930","https://openalex.org/W1975062049","https://openalex.org/W1985936993","https://openalex.org/W1986741944","https://openalex.org/W2008569314","https://openalex.org/W2009174553","https://openalex.org/W2028248104","https://openalex.org/W2048784103","https://openalex.org/W2064700570","https://openalex.org/W2082010434","https://openalex.org/W2100752747","https://openalex.org/W2101603164","https://openalex.org/W2175150171","https://openalex.org/W2319913518","https://openalex.org/W2808557546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136476718","https://openalex.org/W329448185","https://openalex.org/W622124895","https://openalex.org/W2082014035","https://openalex.org/W2089730649","https://openalex.org/W2071330165","https://openalex.org/W2100752747","https://openalex.org/W2495334671","https://openalex.org/W2044471160","https://openalex.org/W1982556804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"objectives":[1],"of":[2,20,23,44,90,98,119,148,192,199,204,219,231,239],"this":[3],"study":[4],"were":[5,62,81,145,152,212],"(i)":[6],"to":[7,29,132,173,187,216],"test":[8],"the":[9,21,42,88,94,115,178,188,197,217],"hypothesis":[10],"that":[11,203],"changes":[12,33,211],"in":[13,34,66,73,75,142,158],"phenology":[14,35,166,175],"with":[15,122,207],"CO2":[16,24,50,108,128,149,160,171,193,220],"are":[17],"a":[18],"function":[19],"effect":[22,43,137,218,225],"upon":[25],"growth":[26,111,151,222],"and":[27,47,58,72,79,92,104,112,117,124],"(ii)":[28],"determine":[30],"if":[31],"CO2-induced":[32],"can":[36],"influence":[37],"competitive":[38,195],"outcome.":[39],"We":[40],"examined":[41],"350,":[45],"525,":[46],"700":[48],"\u03bcL\u2219L\u22121":[49],"on":[51,138,150,221,226],"Guara":[52],"brachycarpa,":[53],"Gailardia":[54],"pulchella,":[55],"Oenothera":[56,205],"laciniata,":[57],"Lupinus":[59,200],"texensis.":[60],"Plants":[61],"grown":[63],"as":[64],"individuals":[65],"150-,":[67],"500-,":[68],"or":[69,96],"1000-mL":[70,76],"pots":[71],"competition":[74],"pots.":[77],"Growth":[78],"development":[80,134],"monitored":[82],"at":[83,180,234],"twice-weekly":[84],"intervals":[85],"by":[86,167,176],"recording":[87],"number":[89],"leaves":[91],"noting":[93],"presence":[95],"absence":[97],"stem":[99],"elongation,":[100],"branching,":[101],"flower":[102],"buds,":[103],"open":[105],"flowers.":[106],"Elevated":[107,127],"affected":[109,161],"both":[110],"phenology,":[113],"but":[114],"direction":[116],"magnitude":[118],"effects":[120,147],"varied":[121],"species":[123],"soil":[125],"volume.":[126],"did":[129],"not":[130],"appear":[131],"affect":[133,174],"through":[135],"its":[136,224],"growth.":[139],"Those":[140],"treatments":[141,157],"which":[143,159,181],"there":[144],"significant":[146],"generally":[153],"different":[154],"from":[155,184],"those":[156],"phenology.":[162,227],"Rather":[163],"than":[164,223],"affecting":[165],"changing":[168],"plant":[169],"size,":[170],"appeared":[172],"modifying":[177],"size":[179,233],"plants":[182],"switched":[183],"one":[185],"stage":[186],"next.":[189],"level":[191],"changed":[194],"outcome;":[196],"importance":[198],"increased":[201,208],"whereas":[202],"decreased":[206],"CO2.":[209],"These":[210],"more":[213],"closely":[214],"related":[215],"Key":[228],"words:":[229],"time":[230],"flowering,":[232,235],"competition,":[236],"photoperiod,":[237],"rate":[238],"development.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}