{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011069592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","title":"Flame retardant property of novel intumescent flame retardant rigid polyurethane foams","display_name":"Flame retardant property of novel intumescent flame retardant rigid polyurethane foams","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011069592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","mag":"2011069592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pen.23710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499311","display_name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","issn_l":"0032-3888","issn":["0032-3888","0096-8129","1548-2634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Engineering &amp; Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025694354","display_name":"Denghui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-8391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-8391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denghui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015427745","display_name":"Pei\u2010Hua Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-6128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-6128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihua Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750988","display_name":"Yaqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100750988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"],"apc_list":{"value":4270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68659711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"11","first_page":"2478","last_page":"2485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12628","display_name":"Polymer Foaming and Composites","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intumescent-flame-retardant","display_name":"intumescent flame retardant","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigid-polyurethane-foam","display_name":"rigid polyurethane foam","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-retardancy","display_name":"flame retardancy","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/char-formation","display_name":"char formation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resistance","display_name":"water resistance","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting-oxygen-index","display_name":"limiting oxygen index","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-heat-release-rate","display_name":"peak heat release rate","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96369861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452996","display_name":"Intumescent","level":3,"score":0.9464308023452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205474432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1354051","display_name":"Fire retardant","level":2,"score":0.8980801105499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8004908561706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.7755131721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322","display_name":"Polyurethane","level":2,"score":0.7197908163070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6303536891937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73546260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5086659","display_name":"Charring","level":2,"score":0.6064005494117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778420591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421828","display_name":"Pentaerythritol","level":3,"score":0.5861851572990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158550234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910035","display_name":"Flammability","level":2,"score":0.5005037784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33374538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2934364","display_name":"Cone calorimeter","level":4,"score":0.4402185082435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777325870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905787","display_name":"Limiting oxygen index","level":4,"score":0.4376169443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18945899605751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779970684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121","display_name":"Char","level":3,"score":0.14347389340400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.0993543267250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07986399531364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06509652733802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pen.23710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499311","display_name":"Polymer Engineering and Science","issn_l":"0032-3888","issn":["0032-3888","0096-8129","1548-2634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Engineering &amp; Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966251827","https://openalex.org/W1974384112","https://openalex.org/W1985730713","https://openalex.org/W1988703597","https://openalex.org/W2002988620","https://openalex.org/W2003504181","https://openalex.org/W2004628887","https://openalex.org/W2009927676","https://openalex.org/W2015644293","https://openalex.org/W2019509998","https://openalex.org/W2035261646","https://openalex.org/W2052121044","https://openalex.org/W2059301343","https://openalex.org/W2064786935","https://openalex.org/W2066372762","https://openalex.org/W2075052824","https://openalex.org/W2087280402","https://openalex.org/W2145078387","https://openalex.org/W2152293370","https://openalex.org/W2316440534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916298491","https://openalex.org/W2019509998","https://openalex.org/W2393145120","https://openalex.org/W2051591680","https://openalex.org/W2351629513","https://openalex.org/W2012358913","https://openalex.org/W2795480418","https://openalex.org/W2793178855","https://openalex.org/W1988703597","https://openalex.org/W2081930710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,110,124,180],"novel":[1],"intumescent":[2,16,175],"flame":[3,17],"retardant":[4],"rigid":[5],"polyurethane":[6,49],"foams":[7],"((PEPS\u2010RPUF)":[8],"were":[9,33,163,185],"prepared":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,55],"a":[13,118,136,191],"P\u2010N":[14],"containing":[15],"retardant,":[18],"poly":[19],"ethanediamine":[20],"spirocyclic":[21],"pentaerythritol":[22],"bisphosphonate":[23],"(PEPS).":[24],"flammability,":[26],"thermal,":[27],"and":[28,39,51,67,87,101,117,158,170,187],"mechanical":[29,57],"properties":[30,58],"of":[31,59,76,112,149,173,209],"PEPS\u2010RPUF":[32,113,125,150],"discussed.":[34],"Scanning":[35],"electron":[36],"microscopy":[37],"(SEM)":[38],"compression":[40],"strength":[41],"tests":[42],"showed":[43,72,145],"PEPS":[44,77],"exhibited":[45,126],"favorable":[46],"compatibility":[47],"with":[48],"matrix":[50],"smaller":[52],"negative":[53],"influence":[54],"the":[56,74,81,146,167,174,183,196],"PEPS\u2010RPUF.":[60,179],"Cone":[61],"calorimeter,":[62],"vertical":[63],"burning":[64],"test":[65],"(UL\u201094)":[66],"limiting":[68],"oxygen":[69],"index":[70],"(LOI)":[71],"when":[73],"content":[75],"was":[78,122,151,190],"25":[79],"pph,":[80],"peak":[82],"heat":[83,89],"release":[84,90],"rate":[85],"(PHRR)":[86],"total":[88],"(THR)":[91],"decrease,":[92],"respectively,":[93],"from":[94,102,178,199],"75.2":[95],"to":[96,104,155,165],"52.2":[97],"kW":[98],"m":[99,107],"\u22122":[100,108],"5.7":[103],"4.1":[105],"MJ":[106],".":[109],"LOI":[111],"could":[114,133],"reach":[115],"27%,":[116],"UL\u201094":[119],"V\u20100":[120,137],"rating":[121,138],"achieved.":[123],"an":[127],"outstanding":[128],"water":[129,140],"resistance":[130],"that":[131],"it":[132],"still":[134],"obtain":[135],"after":[139],"soaking.":[141],"Thermogravimetric":[142],"analysis":[143],"(TGA)":[144],"charring":[147],"ability":[148],"improved":[152],"greatly":[153],"compared":[154],"RPUF.":[156],"SEM":[157],"Fourier":[159],"transform\u2010infrared":[160],"spectroscopy":[161],"(FT\u2010IR)":[162],"utilized":[164],"characterize":[166],"surface":[168],"morphology":[169],"chemical":[171],"structure":[172],"chars":[176,184],"formed":[177],"results":[181],"indicated":[182],"compact":[186],"smooth,":[188],"which":[189],"critical":[192],"factor":[193],"for":[194],"protecting":[195],"substrate":[197],"material":[198],"burning.":[200],"POLYM.":[201],"ENG.":[202],"SCI.,":[203],"53:2478\u20132485,":[204],"2013.":[205],"\u00a9":[206],"2013":[207],"Society":[208],"Plastics":[210],"Engineers":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T07:38:04.252551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
