{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011066302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","title":"A paradigm's worth of difference? Understanding the impasse over modern human origins","display_name":"A paradigm's worth of difference? Understanding the impasse over modern human origins","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011066302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","mag":"2011066302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126146781","display_name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","issn_l":"0002-9483","issn":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038233129","display_name":"Shelley L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-7261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-7261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shelley L. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070784717","display_name":"Francis B. Harrold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis B. Harrold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038233129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"],"apc_list":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9817523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"S25","first_page":"113","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-human-origins","display_name":"modern human origins","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradigm-crisis","display_name":"paradigm crisis","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kuhnian-paradigm","display_name":"Kuhnian paradigm","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuated-equilibrium","display_name":"punctuated equilibrium","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cladistics","display_name":"phylogenetic systematics","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-definition","display_name":"species definition","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darwinian-evolution","display_name":"Darwinian evolution","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3848762512207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.36463019251823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35080766677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.33046045899391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3259912133216858}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1997)25+<113::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126146781","display_name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","issn_l":"0002-9483","issn":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":134,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34807505","https://openalex.org/W56625362","https://openalex.org/W80383489","https://openalex.org/W104616942","https://openalex.org/W256019955","https://openalex.org/W319406550","https://openalex.org/W358732285","https://openalex.org/W584000961","https://openalex.org/W595327069","https://openalex.org/W599366778","https://openalex.org/W629541812","https://openalex.org/W997415925","https://openalex.org/W1523356293","https://openalex.org/W1528737949","https://openalex.org/W1533493955","https://openalex.org/W1535743278","https://openalex.org/W1542494198","https://openalex.org/W1565693361","https://openalex.org/W1582174699","https://openalex.org/W1585272406","https://openalex.org/W1585749986","https://openalex.org/W1594600122","https://openalex.org/W1599923948","https://openalex.org/W1603350052","https://openalex.org/W1606653738","https://openalex.org/W1621011477","https://openalex.org/W1854335913","https://openalex.org/W1898059722","https://openalex.org/W1929134071","https://openalex.org/W1963687230","https://openalex.org/W1964145610","https://openalex.org/W1966334735","https://openalex.org/W1967716899","https://openalex.org/W1975141628","https://openalex.org/W1980704858","https://openalex.org/W1985304015","https://openalex.org/W1989128302","https://openalex.org/W1989607360","https://openalex.org/W1991895618","https://openalex.org/W1993505654","https://openalex.org/W1993775674","https://openalex.org/W1995771967","https://openalex.org/W1996425659","https://openalex.org/W1996768120","https://openalex.org/W2001587667","https://openalex.org/W2007993714","https://openalex.org/W2015560104","https://openalex.org/W2017537599","https://openalex.org/W2024046357","https://openalex.org/W2025469564","https://openalex.org/W2025958368","https://openalex.org/W2027397933","https://openalex.org/W2033755444","https://openalex.org/W2033967987","https://openalex.org/W2041446237","https://openalex.org/W2042546410","https://openalex.org/W2043887853","https://openalex.org/W2043930436","https://openalex.org/W2048777134","https://openalex.org/W2051446204","https://openalex.org/W2052047330","https://openalex.org/W2055269371","https://openalex.org/W2055495168","https://openalex.org/W2055845514","https://openalex.org/W2056073624","https://openalex.org/W2057164744","https://openalex.org/W2064907201","https://openalex.org/W2075838642","https://openalex.org/W2076691183","https://openalex.org/W2077311097","https://openalex.org/W2078568562","https://openalex.org/W2078915574","https://openalex.org/W2079392189","https://openalex.org/W2087601542","https://openalex.org/W2088065228","https://openalex.org/W2088632130","https://openalex.org/W2090957249","https://openalex.org/W2091489189","https://openalex.org/W2093169213","https://openalex.org/W2093280648","https://openalex.org/W2102403135","https://openalex.org/W2102699952","https://openalex.org/W2105397277","https://openalex.org/W2109534812","https://openalex.org/W2111975686","https://openalex.org/W2114068911","https://openalex.org/W2114153331","https://openalex.org/W2115197596","https://openalex.org/W2116439960","https://openalex.org/W2121204051","https://openalex.org/W2123191773","https://openalex.org/W2128989515","https://openalex.org/W2130045923","https://openalex.org/W2137029932","https://openalex.org/W2144907661","https://openalex.org/W2162831934","https://openalex.org/W2181586183","https://openalex.org/W2185635266","https://openalex.org/W2262783292","https://openalex.org/W2266435146","https://openalex.org/W2283497971","https://openalex.org/W2315803208","https://openalex.org/W2328449957","https://openalex.org/W2394860167","https://openalex.org/W2613356637","https://openalex.org/W2737305282","https://openalex.org/W2769771199","https://openalex.org/W2770295589","https://openalex.org/W2770630657","https://openalex.org/W2797488603","https://openalex.org/W2801646512","https://openalex.org/W2888084850","https://openalex.org/W2914727751","https://openalex.org/W2981691751","https://openalex.org/W3030279575","https://openalex.org/W3130557795","https://openalex.org/W3136389637","https://openalex.org/W3214739000","https://openalex.org/W4205537095","https://openalex.org/W4206748086","https://openalex.org/W4240362155","https://openalex.org/W4245654951","https://openalex.org/W4249703186","https://openalex.org/W4250118514","https://openalex.org/W4250329948","https://openalex.org/W4251513472","https://openalex.org/W4253488201","https://openalex.org/W4253705706","https://openalex.org/W4256289586","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302461055","https://openalex.org/W4319588085","https://openalex.org/W6673216179","https://openalex.org/W7068067215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W161857237","https://openalex.org/W1535743278","https://openalex.org/W3194649969","https://openalex.org/W2007368101","https://openalex.org/W2048371970","https://openalex.org/W1977820262","https://openalex.org/W4210418989","https://openalex.org/W2011581669","https://openalex.org/W7107871552","https://openalex.org/W7009622849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,79],"modern":[1,80,224],"human":[2,81,225],"origins":[3,82,226],"debate":[4,23,83,136,158],"within":[5,94],"paleoanthropology":[6],"has":[7,24],"become":[8],"polarized":[9],"between":[10,175],"two":[11,110],"dominant":[12],"models,":[13],"Recent":[14],"African":[15],"Origin":[16],"(RAO)":[17],"and":[18,26,38,64,105,188,218],"Multiregional":[19],"Evolution":[20],"(MRE).":[21],"persisted":[25],"shows":[27],"no":[28],"sign":[29],"of":[30,35,55,91,103,194,204,215,235],"resolution":[31,234],"despite":[32],"the":[33,41,46,53,72,88,109,135,145,165,179,201,216,236],"incorporation":[34],"new":[36],"data":[37,219],"dates":[39],"during":[40],"past":[42],"decade.":[43],"We":[44,197],"examine":[45],"reasons":[47],"for":[48],"this":[49],"stalemate,":[50],"focusing":[51],"on":[52,220],"presentation":[54],"these":[56],"models":[57],"by":[58],"their":[59],"principal":[60],"advocates,":[61],"Christopher":[62],"Stringer":[63],"Milford":[65],"Wolpoff.":[66],"In":[67],"particular,":[68],"we":[69,115,154],"consider":[70],"whether":[71],"RAO-MRE":[73],"dispute":[74],"is":[75],"a":[76,123,129,141,157,173,192,233],"paradigm":[77,124,142],"crisis.":[78],"can":[84],"be":[85,138,170],"placed":[86],"in":[87,178,191],"broader":[89],"context":[90],"unresolved":[92],"controversies":[93],"evolutionary":[95,133],"biology":[96],"(e.g.,":[97],"punctuated":[98],"equilibrium":[99],"vs.":[100,150],"gradualism,":[101],"use":[102],"cladistics,":[104],"species":[106],"definitions).":[107],"While":[108],"sides":[111],"hold":[112],"conflicting":[113],"views,":[114],"argue":[116],"that":[117,156,212],"such":[118],"differences":[119],"do":[120,198],"not":[121,169,199],"constitute":[122],"clash.":[125],"Since":[126],"both":[127],"share":[128],"commitment":[130],"to":[131],"Darwinian":[132],"theory,":[134],"cannot":[137],"characterized":[139],"as":[140,172],"clash":[143],"at":[144],"level":[146],"of,":[147],"e.g.,":[148],"Ptolemaic":[149],"Copernican":[151],"astronomy.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"submit":[155],"having":[159],"historical":[160],"roots":[161],"reaching":[162],"back":[163],"into":[164],"previous":[166],"century":[167],"should":[168],"portrayed":[171],"conflict":[174],"competing":[176],"paradigms":[177],"Kuhnian":[180],"sense.":[181],"Preferences":[182],"toward":[183,232],"discontinuity":[184],"or":[185,207],"continuity":[186],"wax":[187],"wane,":[189],"persisting":[190],"variety":[193],"scientific":[195],"disciplines.":[196],"predict":[200],"quick":[202],"demise":[203],"either":[205],"MRE":[206],"RAO":[208],"but":[209],"are":[210,227],"optimistic":[211],"careful":[213],"evaluation":[214],"characters":[217],"which":[221],"claims":[222],"about":[223],"based":[228],"will":[229],"lead":[230],"us":[231],"current":[237],"impasse.":[238],"Yrbk":[239],"Phys":[240],"Anthropol":[241],"40:113\u2013138,":[242],"1997.":[243],"\u00a9":[244],"1997":[245],"Wiley-Liss,":[246],"Inc.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}