{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011044357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","title":"Concentration and productivity in the retail trade in Japan","display_name":"Concentration and productivity in the retail trade in Japan","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011044357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","mag":"2011044357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/095939697343067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205650","display_name":"The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research","issn_l":"0959-3969","issn":["0959-3969","1466-4402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065951718","display_name":"Hidechika Kuwahara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hidechika Kuwahara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065951718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4109589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"109","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.12070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.0934000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-concentration","display_name":"retail concentration","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-productivity","display_name":"retail productivity","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-distribution-system","display_name":"Japanese distribution system","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-retailers","display_name":"small and medium-sized retailers","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-determinants","display_name":"determinants of productivity","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-trade","display_name":"retail trade","score":0.32499998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8516608476638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994266286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126793","display_name":"Retail trade","level":2,"score":0.7562235593795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5878821015357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5712871551513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5562260746955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986470052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126793","display_name":"Retail industry","level":2,"score":0.49737241864204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.44790148735046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.38086193799972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30494970083236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.20119929313659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.13832730054855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0742449164390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/095939697343067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095939697343067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205650","display_name":"The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research","issn_l":"0959-3969","issn":["0959-3969","1466-4402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552043930","https://openalex.org/W1568811510","https://openalex.org/W1965241865","https://openalex.org/W1976149521","https://openalex.org/W1987192373","https://openalex.org/W2042335449","https://openalex.org/W2050738800","https://openalex.org/W2102086334","https://openalex.org/W2127401334","https://openalex.org/W2144403571","https://openalex.org/W2155057280","https://openalex.org/W2162223317","https://openalex.org/W2211002252","https://openalex.org/W2330705420","https://openalex.org/W2340333850","https://openalex.org/W2341369709","https://openalex.org/W2465564082","https://openalex.org/W4214694604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096812390","https://openalex.org/W4255312744","https://openalex.org/W1581481320","https://openalex.org/W7072541964","https://openalex.org/W2330705420","https://openalex.org/W7145683336","https://openalex.org/W7024191290","https://openalex.org/W2507004138","https://openalex.org/W4388170666","https://openalex.org/W1536840085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"has":[2],"four":[3],"purposes.":[4],"The":[5,45,72],"first":[6],"is":[7,47,74],"to":[8,20,48,58,75],"review":[9],"some":[10],"of":[11,14,24,52,80],"the":[12,15,22,25,29,50,94],"characteristics":[13],"Japanese":[16],"distribution":[17],"system":[18],"and":[19,39,57,63,87,89,96],"discuss":[21],"structure":[23],"retail":[26,91],"sector,":[27],"particularly":[28],"trend":[30],"in":[31,55],"national":[32],"concentration,":[33],"which":[34,66],"was":[35],"upward":[36],"between":[37],"1979":[38],"1990":[40],"but":[41],"subsequently":[42],"levelled":[43],"off.":[44],"second":[46],"identify":[49],"determinants":[51],"labour":[53],"productivity":[54],"retailing":[56],"present":[59],"a":[60],"research":[61],"design":[62],"methodology":[64],"with":[65,101],"empirical":[67,78],"tests":[68],"can":[69],"be":[70],"undertaken.":[71],"third":[73],"undertake":[76],"an":[77],"analysis":[79],"these":[81],"factors,":[82],"covering":[83],"both":[84],"large":[85],"stores":[86],"small":[88],"medium-sized":[90],"outlets.":[92],"Finally":[93],"findings":[95],"their":[97],"implications":[98],"are":[99],"summarized,":[100],"suggestions":[102],"for":[103],"further":[104],"research.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}