{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010866975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","title":"The Female Clergy: A Case of Professional Marginality","display_name":"The Female Clergy: A Case of Professional Marginality","publication_year":1967,"publication_date":"1967-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010866975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","mag":"2010866975","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6071980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/224382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122471516","display_name":"American Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0002-9602","issn":["0002-9602","1537-5390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109289647","display_name":"Enrico Bock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Wilbur Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109289647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":62.5035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99664279,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"5","first_page":"531","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13072","display_name":"Contemporary Christian Leadership and Education","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13072","display_name":"Contemporary Christian Leadership and Education","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14426","display_name":"Religion, Gender, and Enlightenment","score":0.16220000386238098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.14259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-clergy","display_name":"women clergy","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professionalization","display_name":"professionalization","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clergy-income","display_name":"clergy income","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781334022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355523","display_name":"Professionalization","level":2,"score":0.8757625818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6983778476715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.45690053701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40630608797073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.37378206849098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36255210638046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35344237089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35216373205184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11776521801948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09705546498298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012067","descriptor_name":"Religion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012961","descriptor_name":"Sociology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014930","descriptor_name":"Women","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/224382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/224382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122471516","display_name":"American Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0002-9602","issn":["0002-9602","1537-5390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6071980","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6071980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJS; American journal of sociology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735913399","https://openalex.org/W2320335068","https://openalex.org/W2493286100","https://openalex.org/W4389418419","https://openalex.org/W4245377322","https://openalex.org/W2137009248","https://openalex.org/W2746733235","https://openalex.org/W593829296","https://openalex.org/W4388385801","https://openalex.org/W568243370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"present":[1,37],"paper":[2],"reports":[3],"an":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,29,50,56,68,86,137,153],"data":[7],"on":[8],"one":[9],"marginal":[10],"position,":[11],"the":[12,25,32,36,47,63,75,82,87,134,151],"clergywoman.":[13,88],"At":[14],"least":[15,141],"two":[16],"general":[17],"factors":[18],"have":[19],"interacted":[20],"to":[21,40,80,103,106,118,122],"produce":[22],"changes":[23],"in":[24,31,35,74],"number":[26],"and":[27,44,52,72,84,94,121,145],"characteristics":[28,67],"clergywomen":[30,114],"United":[33],"States":[34],"century:":[38],"opposition":[39],"women":[41],"as":[42,149,156],"clergy,":[43,113],"conflict":[45],"between":[46],"roles":[48],"required":[49,55],"clergy":[51,76],"those":[53],"traditionally":[54],"American":[57],"women.":[58],"Evidence":[59],"is":[60],"presented":[61],"that":[62],"females":[64,69,155],"small.":[65],"who":[70],"enter":[71],"remain":[73],"are":[77,91,100,115],"not":[78],"likely":[79,102,117],"improve":[81],"image":[83],"status":[85],"Clergywomen":[89],"today":[90],"generally":[92],"older":[93],"less":[95,101],"educated":[96],"than":[97],"clergymen.":[98],"They":[99],"be":[104,107,147],"married":[105],"absent.":[108],"In":[109],"comparison":[110],"with":[111],"male":[112],"more":[116],"work":[119],"part-time":[120],"report":[123],"much":[124],"lower":[125],"annual":[126],"incomes.":[127],"These":[128],"charactesitics":[129],"provide":[130],"little":[131],"evidence":[132],"for":[133],"increased":[135],"professionalization":[136],"clergywomen,":[138],"suggest":[139],"at":[140],"their":[142],"professional":[143],"marginality,":[144],"may":[146],"seen":[148],"questioning":[150],"labeling":[152],"these":[154],"\"professional.\"":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
