{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010835698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","title":"Blood lead in pregnant women in the urban slums of Lucknow, India.","display_name":"Blood lead in pregnant women in the urban slums of Lucknow, India.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010835698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","mag":"2010835698","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9004930","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1128618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/oem.53.12.836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","pdf_url":"https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/53/12/836.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159252376","display_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","issn_l":"0007-1072","issn":["0007-1072","1351-0711","1470-7926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/53/12/836.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101511367","display_name":"Shally Awasthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-9802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-9802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Awasthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008537464","display_name":"Rajesh Awasthi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Awasthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","State Employees' Insurance Scheme"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Employees' Insurance Scheme","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110854207","display_name":"V. Pande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V K Pande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R C Srivastav","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66760702","display_name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/021wm7p51","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["GH","IN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R C Srivastav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","CSIR - Industry and Standards"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIR - Industry and Standards","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634","https://openalex.org/I4210137126","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022831485","display_name":"Howard Frumkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-3534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-3534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280994","display_name":"King George's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvw6327","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Frumkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14904095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"12","first_page":"836","last_page":"840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lead-levels","display_name":"blood lead levels","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-exposure","display_name":"lead exposure","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-slums","display_name":"urban slums","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lucknow","display_name":"Lucknow","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-traffic","display_name":"road traffic","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity","display_name":"parity","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"gestational age","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surma","display_name":"surma","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-development","display_name":"fetal development","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-contamination","display_name":"lead contamination","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7459689378738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.606399655342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.5663048028945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5301889777183533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5207024216651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5042222738265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5015597343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020026551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110315","display_name":"Lead exposure","level":3,"score":0.44519737362861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.412925660610199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3549189567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09796255826950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08510732650756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779904517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5008900","display_name":"CATS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011204","descriptor_name":"Poverty Areas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014504","descriptor_name":"Urban Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/oem.53.12.836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","pdf_url":"https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/53/12/836.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159252376","display_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","issn_l":"0007-1072","issn":["0007-1072","1351-0711","1470-7926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1128618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1128618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Occup Environ Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9004930","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9004930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Occupational and environmental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/oem.53.12.836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.12.836","pdf_url":"https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/53/12/836.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159252376","display_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","issn_l":"0007-1072","issn":["0007-1072","1351-0711","1470-7926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010835698.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010835698.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54556268","https://openalex.org/W206128215","https://openalex.org/W1265846065","https://openalex.org/W1574827252","https://openalex.org/W1586035883","https://openalex.org/W1648503383","https://openalex.org/W1764842337","https://openalex.org/W1964581767","https://openalex.org/W1966465630","https://openalex.org/W1970324957","https://openalex.org/W1970530958","https://openalex.org/W1975483084","https://openalex.org/W1979572174","https://openalex.org/W1980469767","https://openalex.org/W1986157799","https://openalex.org/W1989840970","https://openalex.org/W1990057101","https://openalex.org/W1997552380","https://openalex.org/W1998941609","https://openalex.org/W1999099937","https://openalex.org/W2002514019","https://openalex.org/W2012438689","https://openalex.org/W2013337405","https://openalex.org/W2013545055","https://openalex.org/W2020761230","https://openalex.org/W2022423844","https://openalex.org/W2022459216","https://openalex.org/W2025309067","https://openalex.org/W2035376178","https://openalex.org/W2046828653","https://openalex.org/W2053394226","https://openalex.org/W2054315027","https://openalex.org/W2057997761","https://openalex.org/W2069615234","https://openalex.org/W2074772235","https://openalex.org/W2077342896","https://openalex.org/W2092032001","https://openalex.org/W2094910918","https://openalex.org/W2096643046","https://openalex.org/W2225814162","https://openalex.org/W2279603249","https://openalex.org/W2395798067","https://openalex.org/W2404305855","https://openalex.org/W2410052458","https://openalex.org/W2410958106","https://openalex.org/W2411134862","https://openalex.org/W2418743551","https://openalex.org/W2419279975","https://openalex.org/W2420384713","https://openalex.org/W2428664773","https://openalex.org/W2431182194","https://openalex.org/W2468358080","https://openalex.org/W2990847060","https://openalex.org/W4231924933","https://openalex.org/W4232336951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999099937","https://openalex.org/W2194062116","https://openalex.org/W2065821231","https://openalex.org/W2409247805","https://openalex.org/W7221798638","https://openalex.org/W4304187589","https://openalex.org/W2118310224","https://openalex.org/W2898568778","https://openalex.org/W4391660444","https://openalex.org/W1981160260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,13,21,145,165,185],"concentrations":[4],"of":[5,15,37,52,57,75,95,141,147,160,167],"blood":[6],"lead":[7],"(PbB)":[8],"in":[9,12,26,130,149,174],"pregnant":[10,39],"women":[11,40,76],"slums":[14,25],"Lucknow,":[16,27],"north":[17],"India.":[18],"METHODS:":[19],"Of":[20],"203":[22],"designated":[23],"municipal":[24],"70":[28],"were":[29,60],"randomly":[30],"selected":[31],"for":[32],"study":[33],"and":[34,62,73,151,164,182],"a":[35],"cohort":[36],"500":[38],"was":[41,45,64,70,85,100,135,154],"enrolled.":[42],"Each":[43],"participant":[44],"interviewed":[46],"with":[47,88,102,138,157],"questions":[48],"on":[49],"possible":[50],"sources":[51],"exposure":[53,190],"to":[54,125,184,188,191],"lead,":[55],"surrogates":[56],"nutritional":[58],"status":[59],"measured,":[61],"PbB":[63,69,78,84,99,115,134,153,172],"measured.":[65],"RESULTS:":[66],"The":[67,133,170],"mean":[68],"14.3":[71],"micrograms/dl":[72,117],"19.2%":[74],"had":[77,114],">":[79],"or":[80,93,144],"=":[81],"20":[82],"micrograms/dl.":[83],"not":[86,136],"associated":[87,101,137,156],"age,":[89],"height,":[90],"weight,":[91],"gestation,":[92],"history":[94],"abortions,":[96],"although":[97],"higher":[98,103,118],"parity.":[104],"Women":[105],"living":[106,129],"inner":[107],"city":[108],"neighbourhoods":[109],"near":[110],"heavy":[111],"vehicular":[112],"traffic":[113],"2.2":[116],"(95%":[119,122],"confidence":[120],"interval":[121],"CI)":[123],"0.8":[124],"3.6)":[126],"than":[127],"those":[128],"other":[131],"neighbourhoods.":[132],"reported":[139],"use":[140,159],"piped":[142],"water":[143],"presence":[146],"paint":[148],"homes,":[150],"increasing":[152],"unexpectedly":[155],"decreasing":[158],"eye":[161],"cosmetic":[162],"\"surma\"":[163],"duration":[166],"gestation.":[168],"CONCLUSIONS:":[169],"high":[171],"found":[173],"this":[175],"population":[176],"raises":[177],"concern":[178],"about":[179],"fetal":[180],"development":[181],"points":[183],"urgent":[186],"need":[187],"reduce":[189],"lead.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
