{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010747531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","title":"Review of Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropical and Equatorial Regions in Malaysia: An Overview","display_name":"Review of Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropical and Equatorial Regions in Malaysia: An Overview","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010747531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","mag":"2010747531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/map.2013.6474490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201045332","display_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","issn_l":"1045-9243","issn":["1045-9243","1558-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/32431/1/TCD-3ts-Accessing_support_self_harm_Report.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043011582","display_name":"Kesavan Ulaganathen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278023","display_name":"Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah","ror":"https://ror.org/04pc36088","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kesavan Ulaganathen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Polytechnic of Malaysia","Wireless Communication Centre, Electrical Engineering Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Polytechnic of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278023"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Electrical Engineering Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103469216","display_name":"Tharek Abdul Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3904-4065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3904-4065"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tharek Abdul Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Technology, University of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Technology, University of Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032796140","display_name":"Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-1989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-1989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, Electrical Engineering Faculty, Technology University of Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, Electrical Engineering Faculty, Technology University of Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714273","display_name":"Md. Rafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-2840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-2840","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-3881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafiqul Md Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Faculty, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia","Computer Engineering, Malaysia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Faculty, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering, Malaysia University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74467165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-attenuation","display_name":"rain attenuation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-propagation","display_name":"microwave propagation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-climate","display_name":"tropical climate","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equatorial-region","display_name":"equatorial region","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raindrop-size-distribution","display_name":"raindrop size distribution","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-rate-distribution","display_name":"rain rate distribution","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation-prediction-model","display_name":"attenuation prediction model","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"frequency scaling","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-factor","display_name":"reduction factor","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrestrial-microwave-links","display_name":"terrestrial microwave links","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-links","display_name":"satellite links","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8766303658485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983795465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7925","display_name":"Rain rate","level":3,"score":0.8283471465110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6514570713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6471878886222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5466249585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5318417549133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.47570735216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4638846516609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.34297287464141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24166324734687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19632211327552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14701929688453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13316610455513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0963582694530487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0718742311000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/map.2013.6474490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2013.6474490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201045332","display_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","issn_l":"1045-9243","issn":["1045-9243","1558-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:32431","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://funes.uniandes.edu.co/32431/1/FernandesD%C3%A1ridaEduca%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/32431/1/TCD-3ts-Accessing_support_self_harm_Report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400713","display_name":"The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","host_organization_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:32431","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://funes.uniandes.edu.co/32431/1/FernandesD%C3%A1ridaEduca%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/32431/1/TCD-3ts-Accessing_support_self_harm_Report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400713","display_name":"The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","host_organization_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010747531.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010747531.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39574705","https://openalex.org/W430465225","https://openalex.org/W1441211210","https://openalex.org/W1481070189","https://openalex.org/W1515032262","https://openalex.org/W1567635599","https://openalex.org/W1586100812","https://openalex.org/W1867548077","https://openalex.org/W1968541426","https://openalex.org/W1969896949","https://openalex.org/W1973179889","https://openalex.org/W1975273965","https://openalex.org/W1976263373","https://openalex.org/W1979993270","https://openalex.org/W1985832704","https://openalex.org/W2000801776","https://openalex.org/W2001139203","https://openalex.org/W2012103921","https://openalex.org/W2015172630","https://openalex.org/W2016070911","https://openalex.org/W2021487915","https://openalex.org/W2025973355","https://openalex.org/W2037445117","https://openalex.org/W2049473468","https://openalex.org/W2079948724","https://openalex.org/W2080005575","https://openalex.org/W2080554306","https://openalex.org/W2090004998","https://openalex.org/W2095808819","https://openalex.org/W2098066482","https://openalex.org/W2103448208","https://openalex.org/W2113682793","https://openalex.org/W2119346643","https://openalex.org/W2122941576","https://openalex.org/W2124370964","https://openalex.org/W2132305146","https://openalex.org/W2136980135","https://openalex.org/W2140112134","https://openalex.org/W2144730846","https://openalex.org/W2146685466","https://openalex.org/W2149060035","https://openalex.org/W2156471350","https://openalex.org/W2159500828","https://openalex.org/W2159925517","https://openalex.org/W2160686891","https://openalex.org/W2161993266","https://openalex.org/W2168071207","https://openalex.org/W2170779856","https://openalex.org/W2291604570","https://openalex.org/W2338256496","https://openalex.org/W2343025323","https://openalex.org/W2544146379","https://openalex.org/W2606643102","https://openalex.org/W2610135054","https://openalex.org/W2740171592","https://openalex.org/W2757835135","https://openalex.org/W2765745425","https://openalex.org/W2898498691","https://openalex.org/W2899072364","https://openalex.org/W2995660892","https://openalex.org/W3004953282","https://openalex.org/W6630606403","https://openalex.org/W6646859593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160018228","https://openalex.org/W2149060035","https://openalex.org/W2073308144","https://openalex.org/W2790414282","https://openalex.org/W2012773826","https://openalex.org/W2537519698","https://openalex.org/W1913969156","https://openalex.org/W1450447295","https://openalex.org/W2170779856","https://openalex.org/W1853382137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rain":[0],"is":[1,21,30],"a":[2],"major":[3],"source":[4],"of":[5],"attenuation":[6,48,66,117],"for":[7,47,73,118],"microwave":[8,28,119],"propagation":[9,120],"above":[10],"10":[11],"GHz.":[12],"In":[13,62],"tropical":[14,123],"and":[15,26,33,38,57,75,87,92,99],"equatorial":[16],"regions,":[17],"the":[18,39,58],"rain":[19,65],"intensity":[20],"high.":[22],"Therefore,":[23],"designing":[24],"terrestrial":[25,74],"Earth-to-satellite":[27,76],"links":[29],"very":[31],"critical":[32],"challenging.":[34],"The":[35,84],"raindrop-size":[36],"distribution":[37,41],"rain-rate":[40,59],"are":[42,51],"two":[43],"important":[44],"parameters":[45],"used":[46],"prediction.":[49],"Both":[50],"proposed":[52,93],"based":[53,105],"on":[54,106],"measured":[55,69],"data":[56],"conversion":[60],"technique.":[61],"this":[63,109],"paper,":[64],"was":[67],"directly":[68],"at":[70],"different":[71],"frequencies":[72],"links,":[77],"in":[78,121],"order":[79],"to":[80,94,115],"investigate":[81],"prediction":[82],"models.":[83],"reduction":[85],"factor":[86],"frequency":[88],"scaling":[89],"were":[90,102],"investigated":[91],"predict":[95],"total":[96],"attenuation.":[97],"Worst-month":[98],"annual":[100],"statistics":[101],"also":[103],"analyzed,":[104],"measurements.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"paper":[110],"summarizes":[111],"all":[112],"contributions":[113],"related":[114],"rain-caused":[116],"Malaysia's":[122],"climate.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
